Wk2 Pancreas Phys Flashcards

1
Q

Alpha cells secrete:

A

glucagon

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2
Q

Somatostatin comes from what cell?

A

D cells

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3
Q

Ketone bodies are a product of…

A

fat metabolism

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4
Q

Time in fasted state when glycogen in muscle and liver runs out:

A

within 24 hours

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5
Q

Enzyme unique to liver that allows glucose from glycogen to be released into blood:

A

G-6-P

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6
Q

Insulin effect on fat tissue:

A

inhibits lipolysis

promotes accumulation of TGs

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7
Q

Myocyte stimulators that trigger glycogenolysis:

A

Epi – B2 receptors

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8
Q

4 main roles of insulin in fed state:

A
  1. glucose oxidation
  2. glycogen synthesis
  3. fat synthesis
  4. protein sysnthesis
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9
Q

3 main roles of glucagon in fasted state:

A
  1. glycogenolysis
  2. gluconeogenesis
  3. ketogenesis
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10
Q

Sympathetic effect on insulin in pancreatic Beta cells:

A

inhibits release

**fight or flight –> need sugar in blood

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11
Q

Parasympathetic effect on insulin in beta cells:

A

cephalic phase of insulin secretion via vagus

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12
Q

**main regulator of beta cell insulin release:

A

GLUCOSE

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13
Q

How does glucose get into beta cells:

A

GLUT2

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14
Q

Once in the cell, how does glucose stimulate insulin release from beta cells:

A

glycolysis –> ATP

ATP –> CLOSES K+ channel –> DEpolarizes cell

–> increases Ca++ via voltage gated Ca channels

–> Ca++ causes release of insulin from vesicles fusing with membrane

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15
Q

Effect of thiazide diuretics on beta cells:

A

OPEN K+ channels –> hyperpolarization –> no insulin release –> hyperglycemia

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16
Q

Look at and understand Glucagon and GLP-1 in slide…

A

17

17
Q

Insulin receptor type in peripheral tissues:

A

tyrosine kinase –> growth factor

18
Q

Glucagon response to amino acids:

Why?

A

Increases

to protect from hypoglycemia in all protein meal

19
Q

Glucagon receptor type:

A

Gs –> AC –> cAMP –> PKA –> PPK –> PYG

20
Q

Somatostatin effect on pancreatic hormones:

A

inhibits everything

21
Q

insulin effect on somatostatin release:

A

stimulates

22
Q

Grehlin effect on somatostatin release:

A

inhibits

23
Q

What are incretins?

A

GI hormones that mediate intestinal phase of insulin secretion

GLP-1 – L cells of lower small intenstine

GIP – K cells of duodenum and jejunum

24
Q

4 phases of insulin secretion:

A
  1. cephalic – PNS – sight smell
  2. oral – taste
  3. GI – GIP and GLP-1
  4. Blood glucose phase – direct stimulation of Beta cells
25
Q

Two stimulators of adenylate cyclase (AC) to increase Ca levels and secrete insulin:

A

glucagon

GLP-1

26
Q

3 inhibitors of AC to prevent Ca increase and prevent insulin release:

A

Epi

NE

Somatostatin

27
Q

Two stimulators of phospholipase C (PLC) that increase Ca and cause insulin release:

A

Ach

CCK