Wk3 Female Repro Phys

Question 1

FSH acts where in the ovary?

Answer 1

Granulosa cells

**Inhibin and Estrogen

Question 2

LH acts where in the ovary?

Answer 2

Theca cells

**androgens –> travel to granulosa cells to become estrogen

Question 3

Estrogen has negative feedback on?

Answer 3

anterior pituitary AND hypothalamus

Question 4

Inhibin has negative feedback on?

Answer 4

anterior pituitary ONLY

**primarily FSH

Question 5

FSH role in ovary:

Answer 5

follicle development

LH receptor synthesis

Question 6

What happens to estrogens negative feedback close to ovulation?

Answer 6

flips to positive feedback causing “LH surge”

FSH still suppressed by inhibin

**slide 11

Question 7

LH role in ovary:

Answer 7

Critical for inducing ovulation

-ovulation required for formation of corpus luteum

Question 8

Gonadotropin secreted by placenta:

What does it do?

Answer 8

hCG – human chorionic gonadotropin

1st trimester: maintains corpus luteum which keep progesterone (and estrogen) levels high to maintain pregnancy

stimulates LH receptor

Question 9

Which two gonadotropins share a receptor?

Answer 9

LH and hCG

Question 10

Progesterone comes from which cells?

Answer 10

thecal – LH and/or hCG mediated

**along with androgens

**progesterone also formed in luteal cells

Question 11

What enzyme makes estrogens from androgens?

Answer 11

Aromatase

Question 12

Main estrogen type:

Answer 12

17B estradiol

Question 13

Estrogen receptor that mediates the HypPitOvar axis:

Answer 13

ERalpha

Question 14

Look at slide 21…

Answer 14

weird feedback changes during ovulation

Question 15

Difference between follicular phase and luteal phase:

Answer 15

follicular is before ovulation, luteal is after

high estrogen the whole time

higher progesterone in luteal

Question 16

Estrogen effect on uterus during follicular phase?

Answer 16

promotes uterine growth (proliferative phase)

Question 17

Progesterone effects on uterus during luteal phase?

Answer 17

maintains a high level of metabolism (secretory phase)

Question 18

What is the chorion?

Answer 18

the placenta

Question 19

Used to detect pregnancy:

Answer 19

Urinary hCG

Question 20

When does uterine dependence on ovarian steroids switch to placenta steroids?

Answer 20

end of first trimester

Question 21

Which steroid is dominant during most of pregnancy:

Answer 21

Progesterone

Question 22

What are progesterones roles during most of pregnancy?

Answer 22

1. decreases adrenergic receptors
2. inhibits oxytocin receptor synthesis
3. inhibits estrogen receptor synthesis
4. promotes storage of PG synthesizing enzymes

Question 23

When does estrogen become the dominant hormone of pregnancy?

Answer 23

just prior to birth (Parturition)

Question 24

Estradiol roles during parturition:

Answer 24

1. increases oxytocin receptors
2. promotes uterine contractility
3. cervical “ripening”
4. Increases local prostaglandin release from placenta causing myometrial contractions

Question 25

Prostaglandin roles in ovulation and pregnancy:

Answer 25

1. rupture of Graafian follicle at ovulation
   - contraction of myometrium during menstruation
2. mild Braxton Hicks contractions during pregnancy
3. strong uterine contractions during parturition

**PG’s produced in placenta

Question 26

Oxytocin role during parturition:

Answer 26

1. induces smooth muscle contraction

**positive feedback with hypothalamus

Question 27

What two things induce oxytocin release during parturition?

Answer 27

1. mechanical stimulation of cervix

2. forceful uterine contractions

Question 28

good summary slide on…

Answer 28

slide 35

Question 29

What happens if placenta is not totally removed after delivery with regards to lactation:

Answer 29

progesterone is still inhibiting milk secretion

Question 30

Galactopoiesis (milk PRODUCTION) controlled by:

Answer 30

prolactin

Question 31

Milk ejection controlled by:

Answer 31

oxytocin

Question 32

Lactation pathways on slide….

Answer 32

39