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Oxford - Diversity Of life > Why Are There So Many Angiosperms? > Flashcards

Why Are There So Many Angiosperms? Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of embryophytes are angiosperms?

A

89.4%

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2
Q

Embryophytes are also known as

A

Land plants

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3
Q

Secondary thickening

A

Formation of a new tissue by division of cells in the cambium of a woody plant that increases the girth of the stem or root.

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4
Q

Girth

A

The distance round the trunk (measured perpendicular to axis of tree)

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5
Q

Cambium

A

Tissue layer in plants that provides partially undifferentiated cells for plant growth

Between the xylem and the phloem

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6
Q

Smallest flowering plant in the world

A

Wolfia (duckweed)

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7
Q

Largest flowering plant in th world

A

Eucalyptus regnans

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8
Q

What type of trait is secondary thickening

A

Polyphyletic

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9
Q

Why is secondary thickening an advantage for angiosperms?

A

Secondary thickening enables diversity of size in angiosperms

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10
Q

Worlds largest flower

A

Rafflesia up to 1m diameter

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11
Q

Dry fruit

A

Entire pericarp becomes dry at maturity

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12
Q

Fleshy fruit

A

Pericarp and accessory parts develop in succulent tissues

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13
Q

Dehiscent fruit

A

Fruits that split open at maturity to release seeds

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14
Q

Indéhiscent fruits

A

Fruits dont split open to release seeds at maturity

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15
Q

Synocarpy fruits

A

Carpels of flower are joined together

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16
Q

Apocarpy fruits

A

Carpels of flower not joined together

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17
Q

False ‘accessory’ fruits

A

Fruit where some of the flesh isn’t derived from the floral ovary (isn’t from an adjacent tissue exterior to the carpel)

18
Q

What does the angiosperm carpel and associated flower parts allow

A

Formation of a diverse range of fruit types

19
Q

Epiphyte

A

Any plant that grows on another plant or object just for physical support

20
Q

Climber plant

A

Growth habit of scandent stem (tendency to climb) or trailing

21
Q

Succulent plants

A

Thickened and fleshy plants usually to retain water

22
Q

Ephemerals

A

Plants with a. Short life cycle for example Arabidopsis Thalia which is a desert ephemeral.

23
Q

Annual plant

A

Competes it’s lifecycle from germination to seed production within one growing season

24
Q

Biennial plant

A

Takes two years to complete its life cycle

25
Q

Perennial plants

A

Plants that live >2 years

26
Q

What is plant habit

A

Term to define a plants overall shape and form

27
Q

7 angiosperm habits

A

Mainly:

Trees
Shrubs
Herbs

Other types:

Epiphytes
Climbers/lianas
Switch plants
Succulent

28
Q

Angiosperm ecology

A

Terrestrial

aquatic

29
Q

Angiosperm life cycle types

A

Annual
Ephemeral
Biennual
Perennial

30
Q

Angiosperm underground storage organs

A

Bulbs
Corms
Rhizosomes

31
Q

Angiosperm success

A

Significant species number compared to other plant groups

Morphologically diverse

Habit and life history diversity

Ecologically diverse

Co exist in high diversity assemblages relative to other plant groups

32
Q

Entomophily

A

Pollination of plants by insect

33
Q

Example of wind pollinated gymnosperm

A

Conifer

34
Q

What does entomophily do?

A

Decreases extinction rates by maintaining gene flow in small populations and therefore aiding survival

35
Q

4 major groups of gymnosperms

A

Conifers
Gnetales
Cycads
Ginkgo

36
Q

4 reasons for angiosperm success

A
  1. Entomophily
  2. The carpel
  3. Faster life history
  4. Ecological opportunity
  5. The fruit
37
Q

What could differences in two sister lineages be due to?

A

Stochasticity

38
Q

Synnovation

A

Many innovations traits

39
Q

Confluence

A

Agreement between external factor and synnovational traits

40
Q

What is synnovation and confluence?

A

A recent framework that provides a nuanced approach into understanding intrinsic and extrinsic features and how they may combine to promote increased rates of diversification

Oxford - Diversity Of life (39 decks)

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