The Origin Of Plants

Question 1

Percentage of earths land cleared for agriculture?

Answer 1

40%

Question 2

Plants use in medicine Yew tree example

Answer 2

Yew tree (taxus baccata is a source of taxol) = used in chemotherapy for ovarian cancer

Question 3

Plant use in medicine heart failure example

Answer 3

Digitalis purpurea = origin of digitoxin used to treat heart failure

Question 4

Autotrophs

Answer 4

Uses simple substances such as carbon dioxide and light from the sun to produce complex organic compounds (food)

Question 5

Heterotrophs

Answer 5

Eats other plants and animals for energy

Question 6

When did earth form?

Answer 6

4.5 bya

Question 7

When did photosynthesis evolve?

Answer 7

3.5bya

Question 8

When did oxygenic photosynthesis evolve?

Answer 8

2.5bya

Question 9

Anoxygenic photosynthesis

Answer 9

Light energy is captured and converted to ATP without the production of oxygen and use of water as an electron donor.

Instead uses sulfide, iron, hydrogen

Question 10

Example of when anoxygenic photosynthesis occurs?

Answer 10

In anaerobic bacteria

Question 11

What was the first fossil evidence of archaeplastida?

Answer 11

Fossil B. Pubescens indicates that

That photosynthetic eukaryotes existed 1.2bya

Question 12

Primary endosymbiosis

Answer 12

Original internalisation of prokaryotes by ancestral eukaryote to form a mitochondria or chloroplast

Question 13

Secondary endosymbiosis

Answer 13

Non phototrophic eukaryotes that engulfed red/green algae to obtain chloroplast/mitochondria (which were inside them)

Question 14

Green plants also known as

Answer 14

Viridiplantae

Question 15

Rhodophytes also known as

Answer 15

Red algae

Question 16

Diplontic

Answer 16

Animal or plant somatic cells have diploid number of chromosome s

Question 17

Haplontic

Answer 17

Life cycle with a dominant haploid stage whee a diploid zygote is only formed briefly

Question 18

What does haplontic life cycles occur in?

Answer 18

Most fungi and some algae

Question 19

Haplodiplontic

Answer 19

Fertilisation gives rise to a multicellular diploid sporophyte which produces haploid spores via meiosis

Question 20

Alteration of generations

Answer 20

Type of lifecycle where subsequent generations of individuals alternate end tween haploid and diploid life organisms

Question 21

What does a haplodiplontic life cycle occur in

Answer 21

Land plants and some algae

Question 22

Evidence that land plants had evolved by the middle Ordovician Period (460mya)

Answer 22

Microfossil sporopollenin spores

Question 23

What is the Rynie Chert

Answer 23

A rock with specially preserved fossil plants (decomposing fungi and mycorrhizae) and animals (Arthropoda)

Question 24

Evolution of embryophytes

Answer 24

Multicellular zygotes

Went from a haplontic to a haplodiplontic life cycle

Question 25

Terrestrialisation of land plants

Answer 25

Microfossil sporopollenin spores indicate plants evolved 460mya (middle Ordovician)

By 407mya complex terrestrial plant ecosystems had formed

Question 26

Streptophyte

Question 27

Embryophytes

Question 28

Bryophytes

Question 29

Tracheophytes

Question 30

Spermatophytes

Question 31

Charophytes