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Oxford - Diversity Of life > Lophotrochozoa I > Flashcards

Lophotrochozoa I Flashcards

1
Q

Vermiform

A

Resembling shape of a worm (length longer than width)

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2
Q

Annelid taxonomy

A

Phylum

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3
Q

What superphylum are annelids part of?

A

Lophotrochozoa

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4
Q

Hydrostatic skeleton

A

Flexible skeleton supported by fluid pressure; common in invertebrates

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5
Q

What does the coelom provide ?

A

Good skeletal structure for support

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6
Q

What are key to animal organisation?

A

Epithelial cells

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7
Q

7 general features of annelids

A 
Vermiform
Large coelom
Circular and longitudinal muscles 
Segmentation 
Septa 
Ventral never chore
Water permeable skin
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8
Q

Segmentation

A

Coincident repetition of characters

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9
Q

Prostomium

A

Portion of the head of an annelid worm that is situated in front of the mouth

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10
Q

What allows a coelom to be segmented?

A

Speta

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11
Q

How do annelids send nerve signals to separate segments?

A

Ganglia along the central nerve chord corresponding with segments

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12
Q

Where is the ventral nerve chord located?

A

Underside of annelid

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13
Q

Advantage of water permeable skin?

A

Easier diffusion of gases

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14
Q

What is annelid skin like

A

Water permeable

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15
Q

Annelid habitat

A

Aquatic (or if on land they are in wet places)

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16
Q

3 classes of annelid

A
  1. Polychaeta
  2. Oligochaete
  3. Hirudinaea
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17
Q

Name for both oligochaete and hirudinea?

A

Clitellata

18
Q

Polychaeta habitat

A

Marine

19
Q

Two ecological types of Polychaetes?

A

Errant

Sedentary

20
Q

Errant polychaetes

A

Wandering - have eyes and sensory appendages

21
Q

Sedentary polychaetes

A

Live in burrows or tubes

22
Q

Parapodia

A

Paired muscular appendages with bristles used in locomotion, sensing or respiration

Can move sand/water as they move

23
Q

What type of polychaete has parapodia?

A

Errant

24
Q

How do errant wandering polychaetes use their longitudinal muscles?

A

Contraction of longitudinal muscles to throw body into curves and create undulations

25
Q

How are errant polychaetes characterised?

A

Active predators that bite

26
Q

How do sedentary polychaetes feed?

A

Filter feeding

Crown of tenetacles protruding from worm with cilia on them. Small particles get trapped in these and the cilia pass it down to the mouth.

27
Q

How do sedentary polychaetes use their segments?

A

To irrigate their tube for fresh water

28
Q

Dioecious (polychaetes)

A

Having male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals

29
Q

Polychaete reproduction

A

External fertilisation as gametes are released into the sea. Involves larval stages.

30
Q

4 differences between oligochaetes and polychaetes

A

Oligochaetes:

  1. Freshwater
  2. No parapodia (don’t swim often)
  3. No eyes/tentacles on head (not predators)
  4. Hermaphrodite and mating
31
Q

Oligochaete example

A

Earthworm

32
Q

Polychaeta example

A

Ragworms

Lugworms

33
Q

Clitellum

A

Glandular section in body wall of some annelids which secretes a viscid sac in which eggs are deposited

34
Q

Gonad

A

Organ that produced gametes

35
Q

Oligochaete reproduction

A

Hermaphrodites

Clitellum secretes mucous cocoon where fertilisation occurs

36
Q

Leeches (hirudinea) feeding

A

Ecroparasites

Some are predators

37
Q

What have leeches lost that oligochaetes and polychaetes have?

A

Septa - allows body to stretch more

38
Q

Disadvantage of loss of septa in leeches

A

Not as useful for locomotion

39
Q

Three weird annelids

A

Sipuncula (peanut worms)
Echiura (spoon worms) - flattened, grooves proboscis
Pogonophora (beard worms) - giant deep sea worm in hydrothermal vents

40
Q

Example of an annelid which has lost segmentation?

A

Sipuncula (peanut worms)

Oxford - Diversity Of life (39 decks)

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