Lophotrochozoa I

Question 1

Vermiform

Answer 1

Resembling shape of a worm (length longer than width)

Question 2

Annelid taxonomy

Answer 2

Phylum

Question 3

What superphylum are annelids part of?

Answer 3

Lophotrochozoa

Question 4

Hydrostatic skeleton

Answer 4

Flexible skeleton supported by fluid pressure; common in invertebrates

Question 5

What does the coelom provide ?

Answer 5

Good skeletal structure for support

Question 6

What are key to animal organisation?

Answer 6

Epithelial cells

Question 7

7 general features of annelids

Answer 7

Vermiform
Large coelom
Circular and longitudinal muscles 
Segmentation 
Septa 
Ventral never chore
Water permeable skin

Question 8

Segmentation

Answer 8

Coincident repetition of characters

Question 9

Prostomium

Answer 9

Portion of the head of an annelid worm that is situated in front of the mouth

Question 10

What allows a coelom to be segmented?

Answer 10

Speta

Question 11

How do annelids send nerve signals to separate segments?

Answer 11

Ganglia along the central nerve chord corresponding with segments

Question 12

Where is the ventral nerve chord located?

Answer 12

Underside of annelid

Question 13

Advantage of water permeable skin?

Answer 13

Easier diffusion of gases

Question 14

What is annelid skin like

Answer 14

Water permeable

Question 15

Annelid habitat

Answer 15

Aquatic (or if on land they are in wet places)

Question 16

3 classes of annelid

Answer 16

1. Polychaeta
2. Oligochaete
3. Hirudinaea

Question 17

Name for both oligochaete and hirudinea?

Answer 17

Clitellata

Question 18

Polychaeta habitat

Answer 18

Marine

Question 19

Two ecological types of Polychaetes?

Answer 19

Errant

Sedentary

Question 20

Errant polychaetes

Answer 20

Wandering - have eyes and sensory appendages

Question 21

Sedentary polychaetes

Answer 21

Live in burrows or tubes

Question 22

Parapodia

Answer 22

Paired muscular appendages with bristles used in locomotion, sensing or respiration

Can move sand/water as they move

Question 23

What type of polychaete has parapodia?

Answer 23

Errant

Question 24

How do errant wandering polychaetes use their longitudinal muscles?

Answer 24

Contraction of longitudinal muscles to throw body into curves and create undulations

Question 25

How are errant polychaetes characterised?

Answer 25

Active predators that bite

Question 26

How do sedentary polychaetes feed?

Answer 26

Filter feeding Crown of tenetacles protruding from worm with cilia on them. Small particles get trapped in these and the cilia pass it down to the mouth.

Question 27

How do sedentary polychaetes use their segments?

Answer 27

To irrigate their tube for fresh water

Question 28

Dioecious (polychaetes)

Answer 28

Having male and female reproductive organs in separate individuals

Question 29

Polychaete reproduction

Answer 29

External fertilisation as gametes are released into the sea. Involves larval stages.

Question 30

4 differences between oligochaetes and polychaetes

Answer 30

Oligochaetes: 1. Freshwater 2. No parapodia (don’t swim often) 3. No eyes/tentacles on head (not predators) 4. Hermaphrodite and mating

Question 31

Oligochaete example

Answer 31

Earthworm

Question 32

Polychaeta example

Answer 32

Ragworms | Lugworms

Question 33

Clitellum

Answer 33

Glandular section in body wall of some annelids which secretes a viscid sac in which eggs are deposited

Question 34

Gonad

Answer 34

Organ that produced gametes

Question 35

Oligochaete reproduction

Answer 35

Hermaphrodites Clitellum secretes mucous cocoon where fertilisation occurs

Question 36

Leeches (hirudinea) feeding

Answer 36

Ecroparasites | Some are predators

Question 37

What have leeches lost that oligochaetes and polychaetes have?

Answer 37

Septa - allows body to stretch more

Question 38

Disadvantage of loss of septa in leeches

Answer 38

Not as useful for locomotion

Question 39

Three weird annelids

Answer 39

Sipuncula (peanut worms) Echiura (spoon worms) - flattened, grooves proboscis Pogonophora (beard worms) - giant deep sea worm in hydrothermal vents

Question 40

Example of an annelid which has lost segmentation?

Answer 40

Sipuncula (peanut worms)