Arthropod I Flashcards

1
Q

What is Arthropoda and what is it within?

A

Superphylum - Ecdysozoa

Phylum - Arthropoda

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2
Q

What does Ecdysozoa include?

A

Arthropoda
Onychophora
Tardigrada

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3
Q

What are the 5 subphyla (extinct and extanct) of Arthropoda

A
Extanct:
Crustacean 
Hexapodes 
Chelicerata 
Myriapoda 

Extinct:
Trilobite

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4
Q

Three characterisations of Arthropoda

A

Segmentation
Jointed appendages
Exoskeleton

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5
Q

Homonomous meaning

Example

A

Parts having a similar forms and structure and arranged in a series (eg. Fingers or toes)

Eg. Common ancestor of all Arthropoda had a series of similar segments

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6
Q

Heteronomous meaning

Example

A

Parts of an organisms differing in manner of growth, development or specialisation

Eg. Segments in extanct taxa differ as they are are fused/lost/specialised

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7
Q

Tagmosis

A

Grouping of segments with similar function/structure

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8
Q

Main three Arthropod tagmata

A

Head
Thorax
Abdomen

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9
Q

X

A

Trunk

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10
Q

Cephalothorax

A

X

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11
Q

X

A

Appendages on each segment

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12
Q

Article

A

Segments on appendages themselves

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13
Q

What do arthropod joints allow?

A

Appendage articles can be articulated despite the hard exoskeleton

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14
Q

What is at an arthropod joint?

A

Flexible cuticle allows bending

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15
Q

What controls arthropod appendage movement?

A

Antagonistic muscles

  • flexor and extensor muscles allow movement of articles relative to each other
  • protractor and retractor muscles allow appendage extension and retraction
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16
Q

What does the cuticle/exoskeleton provide?

A

Support
Maintains shape
Allows joint articulation
Provides protection against pathogens

17
Q

What is arthropod cuticle made of?

A

Chitin (polysaccharide)

18
Q

Sclerotisation

A

Biochemical process where protein chains that make up the cuticle are molecularly stabilised due to the establishment of cross chains

19
Q

Sclerotin

A

Component of the cuticle formed by sclerotisation

Darker areas are more rigid

20
Q

Ecdysis

A

Process of casting off old outer cuticle

21
Q

Stages of moulting

A

Pre moult - detach old cuticle and develop new cuticle
Moult - shed old cuticle
Post moult - harden new cuticle
Intermoult - only roughly 10% of Arthropoda life

22
Q

What is arthropod mortality linked to?

A

80-90% arthropod mortality is linked to moulting

23
Q

Where is the poison claw?

A

On a centipede’s 1st trunk segment

24
Q

Characteristics of myriapods

A

Head
Trunk
Single antennae
Open trachea

25
Q

Diplosegments

A

Occur on millipedes which have two legs on each segment

26
Q

Where are the modified anal legs of centipedes?

A

Last trunk segment

27
Q

What are the 5 major subgroups of chelicerata?

A
Aranae (spiders)
Scorpiones 
Acari (mites and ticks)
Xiphosura (horse shoe crabs)
Pycnogonida (sea spider)
28
Q

What two body segments do chelicerates have?

+ two other characteristics

A

Cephalothorax
Abdomen

Chelicerae
Compound eyes

29
Q

What type of lungs do arachnids have?

A

Book lungs

30
Q

Silk use in spiders (4)

A

Feeding
Reproduction
Locomotion and dispersal
Sensing