Lophotrochozoa III Flashcards

1
Q

Three lophotrochozoa phylum

A

Annelids
Flatworms
Molluscs

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2
Q

3 main classes in mollusc phylum

A

Gastropod
Bivalves
Cephalopod

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3
Q

How many classes within mollusc phylum?

A

8

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4
Q

How are Gastropoda characterised

A

Slow grazers

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5
Q

How are bivalves characterised

A

Filter feeders

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6
Q

How are cephalopods characterised

A

Active hunters

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7
Q

How many species in mollusc phylum?

A

100 000 species (second biggest phylum)

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8
Q

What type of gut do molluscs have?

A

Through gut

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9
Q

What characteristic have molluscs lost that the other lophotrochozoa phylum Annelida have?

A

Segmentation

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10
Q

What connects the mollusc to its shell?

A

Outermost layer of tissue on their bodies called the mantle

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11
Q

How is mollusc shell built?

A

Specialised cells in the mantle build the shell using proteins and minerals.

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12
Q

Conchin

A

Protein substance which is the organic basis of mollusc shells and secreted by the molluscs outer epithelium (the mantle)

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13
Q

Mantle

A

Tissue layer (outer epithelium) on molluscs which secretes the shell

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14
Q

Periostracum

A

Waterproof outermost layer of molluscan shells

Composed of quinine tanned proteins and is base for calcium carbonate crystals to be deposited onto. It protects the shell from dissolving.

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15
Q

How do molluscs breathe?

A

Molluscs have either done pair of gills or a singular gill and they are located within the mantle cavity.

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16
Q

Radula

A

Feeding structure of a mollusc composed of small teeth that scrape food particles off of surface and draw them into the mouth

17
Q

Odontophore

A

Cartilaginous projection in the mouth of a mollusc which supports the radula

18
Q

Torsion

A

Gastropod synapomorphy that occurs during larval development. Transformation of symmetric body plan to an asymmetric body plan due to rotation of the visceral mass and mantle by 180 degrees

19
Q

Issue with torsion

A

Flow of waste products near sensory organs as the anus is in close proximity with the head and gills.

20
Q

Why might torsion have evolved?

A

X

21
Q

Evolutionary advantage of torsion?

A

X

22
Q

How were the issues with torsion solved?

A
  1. Molluscan shells have holes through which water and waste can flow out of
  2. Détorsion
  3. Loss of right gill to allow for a sideways flow of water
23
Q

What characteristic have bivalves lost that Gastropoda have?

A

Radula

24
Q

What type of feeders are bivalves?

A

Filter feeders

25
Q

Features of bivalves

A
No radula 
Two shells 
Ligament to open shell
One foot
Filter feeders
26
Q

Do bivalves have gills

A

Yes

27
Q

What bivalve has eyes?

A

Scallops have approximately 60 eyes and use layers of guanine crystals at the back of the eye to get constructive inference

28
Q

4 examples of cephalopod

A

Nautilus
Cuttlefish
Squid
Octopus

29
Q

Four features that make cephalopods more advanced?

A

Closed bliss system
Large brain
Well developed eyes
Jet propulsion

30
Q

Siphon

A

Cephalopod organ used to expel water for locomotion