Plant development I Flashcards
Three types of plant growth
Apical growth
Branching
Radial growth
Three tissues that plant organs consist of
Epidermal system
Ground tissue system
Vascular tissue system
Simple plant tissue types
PSC
Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma
Meristem
Tissue found in plant that consists of undifferentiated cells that have the capacity to divide
Shoot apical meristem
Area of growing shoot that has meristem cells present and is responsible for the production of shoot organs
Cambia
Meristematic tissues that enable increase in thickness of stems and roots
Root apical meristem
Produces new cells at each root tip
Post embryo plant development
X
Post embryo plant development
X
Adventitious roots
Plant stems that form from non root tissue: produced from pre existing inactive meristems that are present along the stem
How can meristems be regenerated from differentiated tissues?
Explants supplemented with the correct growth regulators (phytohormones) can produce new shoot and root meristems
What feature of plants compensates for their sessility?
Why is it essential
High regeneration
Necessary especially in the presence of grazing herbivores
How do some severely damaged plants react?
Reactivation of silent meristems to restore growth
How can plant meristems be visualised?
Reporter proteins such a luciferase produce a signal that can be used to mark meristematic cells
Visualising plant meristems
X
Visualising plant meristems
X
Quiescent centre of roots
Consists of a pool of stem cells that rarely divide and are within the root apical meristem
Three zones at the tip of the root
- The division zone - new cells produced
- The elongation zone
- The differentiation zone - adult cells acquire final function
Origination of sieve elements of the phylum
Loss of cytoplasmic components and transverse walls are perforated
How do the xylem vessels form?
Progressive cell wall thickening
Disappearance of cytoplasm
Creates lignified conduits (xylem vessel)
Which epidermal cells in the distal part of the root apical meristem (RAM) elongate to root hair cells?
The ones in contact with two underneath cortex cells.
Lateral roots and their primordia
X
Types of Cambial meristem
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium
Vascular cambium
Secondary meristem forms in the stems and roots
after the tissues of the primary plant body differentiate
Helps to increase stem and root diameter and form woody tissue
