Plant development I

Question 1

Three types of plant growth

Answer 1

Apical growth
Branching
Radial growth

Question 2

Three tissues that plant organs consist of

Answer 2

Epidermal system
Ground tissue system
Vascular tissue system

Question 3

Simple plant tissue types

PSC

Answer 3

Parenchyma
Sclerenchyma
Collenchyma

Question 4

Meristem

Answer 4

Tissue found in plant that consists of undifferentiated cells that have the capacity to divide

Question 5

Shoot apical meristem

Answer 5

Area of growing shoot that has meristem cells present and is responsible for the production of shoot organs

Question 6

Cambia

Answer 6

Meristematic tissues that enable increase in thickness of stems and roots

Question 7

Root apical meristem

Answer 7

Produces new cells at each root tip

Question 8

Post embryo plant development

Answer 8

X

Question 9

Post embryo plant development

Answer 9

X

Question 10

Adventitious roots

Answer 10

Plant stems that form from non root tissue: produced from pre existing inactive meristems that are present along the stem

Question 11

How can meristems be regenerated from differentiated tissues?

Answer 11

Explants supplemented with the correct growth regulators (phytohormones) can produce new shoot and root meristems

Question 12

What feature of plants compensates for their sessility?

Why is it essential

Answer 12

High regeneration

Necessary especially in the presence of grazing herbivores

Question 13

How do some severely damaged plants react?

Answer 13

Reactivation of silent meristems to restore growth

Question 14

How can plant meristems be visualised?

Answer 14

Reporter proteins such a luciferase produce a signal that can be used to mark meristematic cells

Question 15

Visualising plant meristems

Answer 15

X

Question 16

Visualising plant meristems

Answer 16

X

Question 17

Quiescent centre of roots

Answer 17

Consists of a pool of stem cells that rarely divide and are within the root apical meristem

Question 18

Three zones at the tip of the root

Answer 18

1. The division zone - new cells produced
2. The elongation zone
3. The differentiation zone - adult cells acquire final function

Question 19

Origination of sieve elements of the phylum

Answer 19

Loss of cytoplasmic components and transverse walls are perforated

Question 20

How do the xylem vessels form?

Answer 20

Progressive cell wall thickening
Disappearance of cytoplasm
Creates lignified conduits (xylem vessel)

Question 21

Which epidermal cells in the distal part of the root apical meristem (RAM) elongate to root hair cells?

Answer 21

The ones in contact with two underneath cortex cells.

Question 22

Lateral roots and their primordia

Answer 22

X

Question 23

Types of Cambial meristem

Answer 23

Vascular cambium

Cork cambium

Question 24

Vascular cambium

Answer 24

Secondary meristem forms in the stems and roots

after the tissues of the primary plant body differentiate

Helps to increase stem and root diameter and form woody tissue

Question 25

Cork Cambium

Answer 25

Secondary meristem forms in the stems and roots

after the tissues of the primary plant body differentiate

Produces some of the bark