Week 8: Deep Face Flashcards
1
Q
fossa of deep face or or temporal region
A
- temporal fossa
* infratemporal fossa
2
Q
temporal fossa
A
- lies superior to zygomatic arch
* contains temporalis muscle (mastication)
3
Q
infratemporal fossa
A
- inferior and deep to the zygomatic bone
- contains lateral and medial pterygoids (mastication), mandibular nerve, and maxillary artery
- also contains otic ganglion, chorda tympani nerve, and pterygoid plexus of veins
4
Q
temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
A
between temporal bone and mandibular condyle
5
Q
muscles involved in elevation of mandible
A
- temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid
* close the mouth
6
Q
muscles involved in protraction (protrusion) of mandible
A
lateral pterygoid
7
Q
muscles involved in opening mouth
A
lateral pterygoid, assisted by digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid
8
Q
muscles involved in retraction of mandible
A
temporalis and masseter
9
Q
muscles involved in side to side movement of mandible
A
medial and lateral pterygoids
10
Q
innervation and supply of temporalis
A
deep temporal nerves; deep temporal arteries (branches of maxillary artery)
11
Q
anterior division of mandibular nerve
A
- runs forward under lateral pterygoid and then continues as buccal nerve
- gives rise to the deep temporal nerves and the nerves that supply the masseter and lateral pterygoid muscles
12
Q
•deep temporal nerves
A
- from anterior division of mandibular nerve
* supply temporalis muscle
13
Q
posterior division of mandibular nerve
A
descends and divides into lingual, inferior alveolar (nerve to the mylohoid) and auriculotemporal nerve
14
Q
lingual nerve location
A
- desends from under the lateral pterygoid, passing down and forward to the medial surface of the mandible
- joined by the preganglionic parasympathetic chorda tympani nerve (from CN VII)
15
Q
chorda tympani synapses
A
in the submnadibular ganglion to innervate submandibular and sublingual glands
16
Q
inferior alveolar nerve location
A
just posterior to lingual nerve and enters mandibular foramen along with inferior alveolar artery (branch of maxillary artery)
17
Q
auriculotemporal nerve also conveys
A
CN IX postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from otic ganglion to parotid gland
18
Q
otic ganglion located
A
medial aspect of CN V3 as it exits foramen ovale
19
Q
maxillary artery arises
A
- posterior to the neck of the mandible as a branch of the external carotid
- runs through infratemporal fossa to enter pterygopalatine fossa
20
Q
maxillary artery gives rise to
A
- inferior alveolar artery
- middle meningeal artery
- buccal artery
- sphenopalatine artery
- muscular branches
21
Q
inferior alveolar artery enters
A
mandibular foramen with the inferior alveolar nerve
22
Q
middle meningeal artery enters
A
foramen spinosum to the middle cranial fossa
23
Q
muscular branches of maxillary artery supply
A
temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoids, and masseter
24
Q
buccal artery accompanies
A
buccal nerve to the cheeck
25
sphenopalatine artery
the terminal artery of maxillary artery; enters posterior nasal cavity
26
nasal cavity
* 1st part of conduction portion of respiratory system
| * has 3 regions: nasal vestibule, respiratory region, and olfactory region
27
nasal vestibule
most anterior part of nasal cavity; contains hair
28
respiratory region has
thick glandular mucosa
29
olfactory region
the superior third; contains minute filaments of the olfactory nerves entering the cribiform plate
30
medial wall of nasal cavity formed by
=nasal septum
•vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
•anteriorly it completed by septal cartilage
31
nasal septum covered by
respiratory mucosa
32
air leaves the nose through
posterior nasal aperture, called the choana, where it enters the nasopharynx
33
superior, middle, and inferior conchae project from
the lateral wall of nasal cavity with superior, middle, and inferior meatuses (passages) lying below the conchae
34
4 paired paranasal sinuses are
air-filled cavities lined by respiratory mucosa that reduce the weight of the skull
35
paranasal sinuses open into
the roof or lateral wall of the nasal cavity
36
name the 4 paired paranasal sinuses
* frontal
* ethmoid
* maxillary
* sphenoid
37
sphenoid sinus drains into
sphenoethmoidal recess
38
ethmoid sinus drains into
superior and middle meatuses
39
frontal sinus drains into
middle meatus
40
maxillary sinus drains into
middle meatus
41
nasolacrimal duct drains into
inferior meatus
42
olfactory (CN I) innervation to nasal cavity
olfactory receptors (special sense of smell) through cribiform plate
43
ophthalmic (CN V1) innervation to nasal cavity
general afferents, anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves
44
maxillary (CN V2) innervation to nasal cavity
general afferents, small nasal branches and nasopalatine nerve
45
blood supply to nasal cavity
* ophthalmic artery - anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
* maxillary artery - phenopalatine artery, septal branches, greater palatine
* facial artery - lateral nasal and septal branches, superior labial artery
46
nosebleed (epistaxis) often involves
* richly vascularized region of vestibule and anteroinferior aspect of nasal septum (kiesselbach's area)
* usually result from trauma to septal branch of superior labial artery from facial artery
47
oral cavity proper includes
* palate (hard and soft)
* teeth
* gums
* tongue
* salivary glands
48
palatine tonsils are
paired collections of lymphoid tissue that lie between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds or arches and "guard" entrance to oropharynx
49
palate forms the
* roof of oral cavity
| * floor of nasal cavity
50
hard palate
* bony anteior 2/3 of palate
| * formed by palatal process of maxilla and horizontal process of palatine bone
51
soft palate
* posterior 1/3 of palate, with muscles that move the soft palate
* closes off nasopharynx during swallowing
52
tongue
•strong muscular organ consisting of intrinsic skeletal muscles innervated by hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
53
genioglossus
extrinsic muscle of tongue that depresses and protrudes it
54
hyoglossus and styloglossus
extrinsic muscles of tongue that retract the tongue during swallowing
55
palatoglossus muscle
* muscle of both tongue and palate, but grouped with palate muscles because it's innervated by vagus nerve
* elevates the tongue
56
blood supply to tongue
lingual artery (from external carotid)
57
Mandibular innervation of tongue
* via lingual nerve
| * provides general sensation to anterior 2/3
58
facial innervation of tongue
* via chorda tympani nerve, which joins lingual nerve
| * provides taste on anterior 2/3
59
glossopharyngeal innervation of tongue
general sensation to posterior 1/3
60
vagus innervation of tongue
* via internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
| * general sensation and taste on base of tongue at the epiglottic region
61
hypoglossal innervation of tongue
•motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles (except palatoglossus muscle = vagus)
62
parotid salivary gland- type, innervation, and duct:
* serous gland
* innervated by CN IX parasympathetics via lesser petrosal nerve, synapse in otic ganglion, with postganglionics to gland in auriculotemporal nerve (branch of V3)
* secretes via parotid (Stensen's) duct
63
submandibular salivary gland- type, innervation, and duct:
* seromucous gland
* innervated by CN VII parasympathetics via chorda tympani branch that joins lingual nerve (branch of V3) to synapse in submandibular ganglion
* secretes via submandibular (Wharton's) duct
64
sublingual salivary gland- type, innervation, and duct:
* largely mucous
* innervated by CN VII parasympathetics coursing similar to those of submandibular gland
* secretes via small ducts in sublingual fold
65
pharynx
=throat
•fibromuscular tube that connects nasal and oral cavities with larynx and esophagus
•extends from base of skull to cricoid cartilage, where it is continuous with esophagus
66
nasopharynx lies
posterior to nasal cavity above soft palate
67
oropharynx
from the soft palate to the epiglottis; lies posterior to oral cavity
68
layngopharynx
* from the epiglottis to the inferior cricoid cartilage
| * aka hypopharynx
69
muscles of pharynx
* superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
* participate in swallowing (deglutition)
* contract serially from superior to inferior to move a bolus of food down
70
blood supply to pharynx
* branches of thyrocervical trunk (subclavian artery)
* esp. ascending cervical artery and external carotid (principally it's sup. thyroid, facial, ascending pharyngeal, and maxillary branches)
71
sensory innervation of nasopharynx
pharyngeal branch of CN V2
72
sensory innervation of oropharynx
CN IX
73
sensory innervation of laryngopharynx
CN X
74
Motor innervation of pharynx
* CN X
| * except sylopharyngeus muscle (CN IX)
75
gag reflex
* sensation conveyed by afferent branches of CN IX
| * soft palate is elevated by efferent action of CN X
76
If food or foreign object reach the vestibule of the larynx...
very powerful gag reflex would be elicited by vagus nerve to protect vocal fold and avoid aspiration into trachea
77
larynx
* valve that closes the lower respiratory tract and an instrument used to produce sounds (commonly called voicebox)
* 2 pairs of mucosal folds divide it into 3 regions: supraglottic, glottic, and infraglottic
78
supraglottic region of larynx
(vestibule)
| above the vestibular folds (false vocal cords)
79
glottic region of larynx
(ventricle)
| between vestibular folds and vocal folds (true vocal cords)
80
infraglottic region of larynx
(subglottic)
| below the vocal folds
81
larynx composed of
cartilages connected by elastic ligaments whose movement affects the tension and position of vocal ligaments
82
vocal ligaments
covered by mucosa and called vocal cords or folds
83
laryngeal cartilages moved by
laryngeal muscles
84
only laryngeal muscles that abduct or open the vocal forlds are
posterior cricoarytenoids
85
rima glottidis
the opening between vocal folds
86
position of rima glottidis during quiet respiration
open (vocal cords abducted)
87
postion of rima glottidis during swallowing
closed (vocal cords adducted) and epliglottis swings down to close the laryngeal vestibule
88
postion of rima glottidis during phonation (speech)
closed
89
if vocal folds are closed in an emergent situation...
an incision must be made inferior to vocal folds, usually through cricothyroid membrane (cricothyrotomy) to establish an airway
90
vagus innervation to larynx via superior laryngeal branch
* motor to cricothyroid
| * sensory to mucosa above vocal folds
91
vagus innervation to larynx via recurrent laryngeal branch
* motor to all muscles except cricothyroid
| * sensory to mucosa below vocal folds
92
cricothyroid function
tightens vocal folds
