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Clinical Morphology > Week 8: Deep Face > Flashcards

Week 8: Deep Face Flashcards

1
Q

fossa of deep face or or temporal region

A
  • temporal fossa

* infratemporal fossa

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2
Q

temporal fossa

A
  • lies superior to zygomatic arch

* contains temporalis muscle (mastication)

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3
Q

infratemporal fossa

A
  • inferior and deep to the zygomatic bone
  • contains lateral and medial pterygoids (mastication), mandibular nerve, and maxillary artery
  • also contains otic ganglion, chorda tympani nerve, and pterygoid plexus of veins
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4
Q

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

A

between temporal bone and mandibular condyle

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5
Q

muscles involved in elevation of mandible

A
  • temporalis, masseter, and medial pterygoid

* close the mouth

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6
Q

muscles involved in protraction (protrusion) of mandible

A

lateral pterygoid

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7
Q

muscles involved in opening mouth

A

lateral pterygoid, assisted by digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid

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8
Q

muscles involved in retraction of mandible

A

temporalis and masseter

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9
Q

muscles involved in side to side movement of mandible

A

medial and lateral pterygoids

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10
Q

innervation and supply of temporalis

A

deep temporal nerves; deep temporal arteries (branches of maxillary artery)

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11
Q

anterior division of mandibular nerve

A
  • runs forward under lateral pterygoid and then continues as buccal nerve
  • gives rise to the deep temporal nerves and the nerves that supply the masseter and lateral pterygoid muscles
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12
Q

•deep temporal nerves

A
  • from anterior division of mandibular nerve

* supply temporalis muscle

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13
Q

posterior division of mandibular nerve

A

descends and divides into lingual, inferior alveolar (nerve to the mylohoid) and auriculotemporal nerve

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14
Q

lingual nerve location

A
  • desends from under the lateral pterygoid, passing down and forward to the medial surface of the mandible
  • joined by the preganglionic parasympathetic chorda tympani nerve (from CN VII)
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15
Q

chorda tympani synapses

A

in the submnadibular ganglion to innervate submandibular and sublingual glands

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16
Q

inferior alveolar nerve location

A

just posterior to lingual nerve and enters mandibular foramen along with inferior alveolar artery (branch of maxillary artery)

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17
Q

auriculotemporal nerve also conveys

A

CN IX postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from otic ganglion to parotid gland

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18
Q

otic ganglion located

A

medial aspect of CN V3 as it exits foramen ovale

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19
Q

maxillary artery arises

A
  • posterior to the neck of the mandible as a branch of the external carotid
  • runs through infratemporal fossa to enter pterygopalatine fossa
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20
Q

maxillary artery gives rise to

A
  • inferior alveolar artery
  • middle meningeal artery
  • buccal artery
  • sphenopalatine artery
  • muscular branches
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21
Q

inferior alveolar artery enters

A

mandibular foramen with the inferior alveolar nerve

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22
Q

middle meningeal artery enters

A

foramen spinosum to the middle cranial fossa

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23
Q

muscular branches of maxillary artery supply

A

temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoids, and masseter

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24
Q

buccal artery accompanies

A

buccal nerve to the cheeck

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25
Q

sphenopalatine artery

A

the terminal artery of maxillary artery; enters posterior nasal cavity

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26
Q

nasal cavity

A
  • 1st part of conduction portion of respiratory system

* has 3 regions: nasal vestibule, respiratory region, and olfactory region

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27
Q

nasal vestibule

A

most anterior part of nasal cavity; contains hair

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28
Q

respiratory region has

A

thick glandular mucosa

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29
Q

olfactory region

A

the superior third; contains minute filaments of the olfactory nerves entering the cribiform plate

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30
Q

medial wall of nasal cavity formed by

A

=nasal septum
•vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
•anteriorly it completed by septal cartilage

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31
Q

nasal septum covered by

A

respiratory mucosa

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32
Q

air leaves the nose through

A

posterior nasal aperture, called the choana, where it enters the nasopharynx

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33
Q

superior, middle, and inferior conchae project from

A

the lateral wall of nasal cavity with superior, middle, and inferior meatuses (passages) lying below the conchae

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34
Q

4 paired paranasal sinuses are

A

air-filled cavities lined by respiratory mucosa that reduce the weight of the skull

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35
Q

paranasal sinuses open into

A

the roof or lateral wall of the nasal cavity

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36
Q

name the 4 paired paranasal sinuses

A
  • frontal
  • ethmoid
  • maxillary
  • sphenoid
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37
Q

sphenoid sinus drains into

A

sphenoethmoidal recess

38
Q

ethmoid sinus drains into

A

superior and middle meatuses

39
Q

frontal sinus drains into

A

middle meatus

40
Q

maxillary sinus drains into

A

middle meatus

41
Q

nasolacrimal duct drains into

A

inferior meatus

42
Q

olfactory (CN I) innervation to nasal cavity

A

olfactory receptors (special sense of smell) through cribiform plate

43
Q

ophthalmic (CN V1) innervation to nasal cavity

A

general afferents, anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerves

44
Q

maxillary (CN V2) innervation to nasal cavity

A

general afferents, small nasal branches and nasopalatine nerve

45
Q

blood supply to nasal cavity

A
  • ophthalmic artery - anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries
  • maxillary artery - phenopalatine artery, septal branches, greater palatine
  • facial artery - lateral nasal and septal branches, superior labial artery
46
Q

nosebleed (epistaxis) often involves

A
  • richly vascularized region of vestibule and anteroinferior aspect of nasal septum (kiesselbach’s area)
  • usually result from trauma to septal branch of superior labial artery from facial artery
47
Q

oral cavity proper includes

A
  • palate (hard and soft)
  • teeth
  • gums
  • tongue
  • salivary glands
48
Q

palatine tonsils are

A

paired collections of lymphoid tissue that lie between palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds or arches and “guard” entrance to oropharynx

49
Q

palate forms the

A
  • roof of oral cavity

* floor of nasal cavity

50
Q

hard palate

A
  • bony anteior 2/3 of palate

* formed by palatal process of maxilla and horizontal process of palatine bone

51
Q

soft palate

A
  • posterior 1/3 of palate, with muscles that move the soft palate
  • closes off nasopharynx during swallowing
52
Q

tongue

A

•strong muscular organ consisting of intrinsic skeletal muscles innervated by hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

53
Q

genioglossus

A

extrinsic muscle of tongue that depresses and protrudes it

54
Q

hyoglossus and styloglossus

A

extrinsic muscles of tongue that retract the tongue during swallowing

55
Q

palatoglossus muscle

A
  • muscle of both tongue and palate, but grouped with palate muscles because it’s innervated by vagus nerve
  • elevates the tongue
56
Q

blood supply to tongue

A

lingual artery (from external carotid)

57
Q

Mandibular innervation of tongue

A
  • via lingual nerve

* provides general sensation to anterior 2/3

58
Q

facial innervation of tongue

A
  • via chorda tympani nerve, which joins lingual nerve

* provides taste on anterior 2/3

59
Q

glossopharyngeal innervation of tongue

A

general sensation to posterior 1/3

60
Q

vagus innervation of tongue

A
  • via internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

* general sensation and taste on base of tongue at the epiglottic region

61
Q

hypoglossal innervation of tongue

A

•motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles (except palatoglossus muscle = vagus)

62
Q

parotid salivary gland- type, innervation, and duct:

A
  • serous gland
  • innervated by CN IX parasympathetics via lesser petrosal nerve, synapse in otic ganglion, with postganglionics to gland in auriculotemporal nerve (branch of V3)
  • secretes via parotid (Stensen’s) duct
63
Q

submandibular salivary gland- type, innervation, and duct:

A
  • seromucous gland
  • innervated by CN VII parasympathetics via chorda tympani branch that joins lingual nerve (branch of V3) to synapse in submandibular ganglion
  • secretes via submandibular (Wharton’s) duct
64
Q

sublingual salivary gland- type, innervation, and duct:

A
  • largely mucous
  • innervated by CN VII parasympathetics coursing similar to those of submandibular gland
  • secretes via small ducts in sublingual fold
65
Q

pharynx

A

=throat
•fibromuscular tube that connects nasal and oral cavities with larynx and esophagus
•extends from base of skull to cricoid cartilage, where it is continuous with esophagus

66
Q

nasopharynx lies

A

posterior to nasal cavity above soft palate

67
Q

oropharynx

A

from the soft palate to the epiglottis; lies posterior to oral cavity

68
Q

layngopharynx

A
  • from the epiglottis to the inferior cricoid cartilage

* aka hypopharynx

69
Q

muscles of pharynx

A
  • superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors
  • participate in swallowing (deglutition)
  • contract serially from superior to inferior to move a bolus of food down
70
Q

blood supply to pharynx

A
  • branches of thyrocervical trunk (subclavian artery)
  • esp. ascending cervical artery and external carotid (principally it’s sup. thyroid, facial, ascending pharyngeal, and maxillary branches)
71
Q

sensory innervation of nasopharynx

A

pharyngeal branch of CN V2

72
Q

sensory innervation of oropharynx

73
Q

sensory innervation of laryngopharynx

74
Q

Motor innervation of pharynx

A
  • CN X

* except sylopharyngeus muscle (CN IX)

75
Q

gag reflex

A
  • sensation conveyed by afferent branches of CN IX

* soft palate is elevated by efferent action of CN X

76
Q

If food or foreign object reach the vestibule of the larynx…

A

very powerful gag reflex would be elicited by vagus nerve to protect vocal fold and avoid aspiration into trachea

77
Q

larynx

A
  • valve that closes the lower respiratory tract and an instrument used to produce sounds (commonly called voicebox)
  • 2 pairs of mucosal folds divide it into 3 regions: supraglottic, glottic, and infraglottic
78
Q

supraglottic region of larynx

A

(vestibule)

above the vestibular folds (false vocal cords)

79
Q

glottic region of larynx

A

(ventricle)

between vestibular folds and vocal folds (true vocal cords)

80
Q

infraglottic region of larynx

A

(subglottic)

below the vocal folds

81
Q

larynx composed of

A

cartilages connected by elastic ligaments whose movement affects the tension and position of vocal ligaments

82
Q

vocal ligaments

A

covered by mucosa and called vocal cords or folds

83
Q

laryngeal cartilages moved by

A

laryngeal muscles

84
Q

only laryngeal muscles that abduct or open the vocal forlds are

A

posterior cricoarytenoids

85
Q

rima glottidis

A

the opening between vocal folds

86
Q

position of rima glottidis during quiet respiration

A

open (vocal cords abducted)

87
Q

postion of rima glottidis during swallowing

A

closed (vocal cords adducted) and epliglottis swings down to close the laryngeal vestibule

88
Q

postion of rima glottidis during phonation (speech)

89
Q

if vocal folds are closed in an emergent situation…

A

an incision must be made inferior to vocal folds, usually through cricothyroid membrane (cricothyrotomy) to establish an airway

90
Q

vagus innervation to larynx via superior laryngeal branch

A
  • motor to cricothyroid

* sensory to mucosa above vocal folds

91
Q

vagus innervation to larynx via recurrent laryngeal branch

A
  • motor to all muscles except cricothyroid

* sensory to mucosa below vocal folds

92
Q

cricothyroid function

A

tightens vocal folds

Clinical Morphology (25 decks)

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