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Clinical Morphology > Lab practical 2 > Flashcards

Lab practical 2 Flashcards

1
Q

internal thoracic arteries

A
  • run laterally on either side of the sternum
  • arise at neck as branch of subclavian artery
  • behind 6th costal cartilage it divides into superior epigastric and musculophrenic arteries
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2
Q

costodiaphragmatic recess

A

lowest portion of each pleural cavity

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3
Q

costomediastinal recess

A

narrow anteromedial prolongation of each pleural cavity to the midline

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4
Q

phrenic nerves

A

descend on each side of the pericardial sac to innervate diaphragm

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5
Q

middle mediastinum

A
  • largest subdivision of inferior mediastinum

* contains heart, pericardium, roots of the great vessels, and tracheal bifurcation

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6
Q

pericardiophrenic ligament

A

attaches the pericardium inferiorly to the central portion of the diaphragm

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7
Q

pericardial sac

A

(parietal pericardium)

has outer fibrous layer and inner serous layer that an inseparable

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8
Q

visceral pericardium

A

epicardium

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9
Q

right brachiocepalic vein

A

begins behind the right sternoclavicular joint and is formed by the union of the right internal jugular and the right subclavian veins

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10
Q

left brachiocephalic vein

A

begins at the union of the left internal jugular and lef subclavian veins

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11
Q

superior vena cava

A
  • formed by the union of the 2 brachiocephalic veins

* runs vertically downward to the right atrium of the heart

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12
Q

azygos vein

A

also drains into the SVC

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13
Q

left phrenic nerve and left vagus nerve are closely adherent to

A

aortic arch, vagus is more posterior

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14
Q

ligamentum arteriosum

A

connects the undersurface of the arch of the aorta to the upper and anterior aspect of the pulmonary trunk

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15
Q

recurrent laryngeal branch of left vagus nerve

A

crosses the undersurface of the aortic arch behind the ligamentum arteriosum

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16
Q

brachiocephalic artery

A

off the aortic arch, passes upward, backward, and to the right to divide into right subclavian and right common carotid

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17
Q

right vagus nerve

A

runs downward in association with the right common carotid artery and passes over the anterior surface of the brachiocephalic trunk

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18
Q

right recurrent laryngeal nerve of right vagus nerve

A

loops under the brachiocephalic artery to run upward through the superior mediastinum

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19
Q

left common carotid artery

A

branches off aortic arch, arises to the left of the brachiocephalic trunk, and runs upward, to the left, and posteriorly to enter the neck

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20
Q

left subclavian artery

A

arises from the posterior part of the aortic arch, runs upward and arches left

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21
Q

left vegus nerves

A

descends between the left subclavian and left common carotid arteries to reach the left side of the arch of the aorta

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22
Q

branches of the aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic artery/trunk, left common carotid, and left subclavian

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23
Q

anterior or sternocostal surface of heart

A

formed principally by the right ventricle; right margin is formed by the right atrium

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24
Q

coronary sulcus (atrioventricular)

A

separate the right atrium from the right ventricle; crosses the anterior surface of the heart, running downward and slightly to the right

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25
Q

diaphragamtic surface of heart

A

inferior surface; rests against the diaphragm

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26
Q

posterior interventricular sulcus

A

on the diaphragmatic surface, indicates the separation of the right ventricle from the left ventricle

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27
Q

apex of the heart

A

formed entirely by the left ventricle

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28
Q

posterior surface of the heart

A

base of the heart

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29
Q

branches of the right coronary artery

A

right atrial branch, right marginal artery, posterior descending artery (PDA) [in most hearts]

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30
Q

branches of the left coronary artery

A

left anterior descending (LAD) and circumflex artery

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31
Q

coronary sinus

A

present in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus; runs downward and to the right to terminate in the right atrium

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32
Q

great cardiac vein

A

runs upward in the anterior interventricular sulcus in association with the LAD

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33
Q

middle cardiac vein

A

ascends in the posterior interventricular sulcus in association with the PDA to join the coronary sinus

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34
Q

small cardiac vein

A

winds around the right margin of heart in the coronary sulcus in association with right coronary artery to join the coronary sinus

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35
Q

fossa ovalis

A

on the wall of the right atrium

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36
Q

cusps of the tricuspid valve

A

(between the right atrium and ventricle)

anterior, posterior, and septal

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37
Q

conus arteriosus (infundibulum)

A

where the cavity of the right ventricle narrows superiorly to become continuous with the pulmonary trunk

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38
Q

chordae tendineae

A

fibrous strands that run from the wall the right ventricle to attach to the tricuspid valve leaflets

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39
Q

papillary muscle

A

conical projections of ventricular wall myocardium

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40
Q

cusps of pulmonary valve

A

anterior, right, and left

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41
Q

pulmonary veins

A

there are 4 and they open into the left atrium without valves

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42
Q

cusps of mitral valve

A

(bicuspid)- anterior and posterior

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43
Q

aortic vestibule

A

smooth area in the upper anterior part of the left ventricle that leads to the aortic orifice

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44
Q

cusps of aortic valve

A

right, left, and posterior

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45
Q

location of SA node

A

at the superior end of the right atrium at the junction between SVC and right atrium

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46
Q

Location of AV node

A

lower part of the interatrial septum, superior to the opening of the coronary sinus

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47
Q

septomarginal trabecula

A

“moderator band”

located at the apical end of the right ventricle and extends from the interventricular septum to the base of the anterior papillary muscle

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48
Q

carina

A

the location where the trachea bifurcates into the right and left primary bronchi

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49
Q

right lung organization

A

superior lobe, horizontal fissure, middle lobe, oblique fissure inferior lobe

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50
Q

organization of left lung

A

superior lobe, oblique fissure, inferior lobe

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51
Q

principle structures entering hilum of lung

A

bronchus, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary veins

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52
Q

impressions on the right lung

A

cardiac impression, esophageal impression, azygous impression

53
Q

posterior intercostal arteries

A

arise from the posterior aspect of the descending aorta

54
Q

azygos vein

A

ascends through the posterior mediastinum along the right side of the bodies of the vertebra

55
Q

greater splanchnic nerve

A

arises from the sympathetic trunk usually from the 5th-9th thoracic ganglia

56
Q

thoracic duct

A

most often located on top of the vertebral bodies in the space between the azygos vein and the descending aortia

57
Q

camper’s fascia

A

superficial layer of superficial fascia on anterior abdominal wall

58
Q

scarpa’s fascia

A

deeper layer of superficial fascia on anterior abdominal wall

59
Q

superficial inguinal ring

A

medial opening of inguinal canal that transmits either the spermatic cord or the round ligament of the uterus

60
Q

medial crus

A

margin of the superficial inguinal ring that attaches to the pubic symphisis

61
Q

laters crus

A

stronger margin of the superficial inguinal ring that attaches to the pubic tubercle

62
Q

superior epigastric artery

A

terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery that runs on the deep surface of the rectus between the muscle and the posterior layer of rectus sheath

63
Q

inferior epigastric artery

A

branch of the external iliac artery that enters the lower part of the rectus sheath and runs upward between the muscle and posterior layer or rectus sheath

64
Q

transversalis fascia

A

at the arcuate line, the posterior rectus sheath diminishes and transversalis fascia is present. it is just superficial to the parietal peritoneal

65
Q

peritoneal folds

A

on the deep surface of the abdominal wall, 1 median umbilical fold, 2 medial umbilical folds, and 2 lateral umbilical folds

66
Q

deep inguinal ring

A

lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels. ductus deferens and round ligament of uterus enter inguinal canal here

67
Q

Hesselbach’s triangle

A

boundaries are inferior epigastric vessels (laterally) lateral border of rectus abdominus muscles (medially) and inguinal ligament (inferiorly)

68
Q

falciform ligament

A

divides the right and left lobes of the liver

69
Q

round ligament of liver (ligamentum teres)

A

the inferior free margin of the falciform ligament. represents obliterated umbilical veins of the fetus

70
Q

right triangular ligament

A

the right free margin of the coronary ligament that attaches liver to diaphragm

71
Q

left triangular ligament

A

upper surface of the left lobe of the liver

72
Q

bare area of the liver

A

lacks visceral peritoneum; posterior to the coronary and triangular ligaments and is in direct contact with the diaphragm (can’t see it in our dissections)

73
Q

duodenojejunal flexure

A

slightly to the left of midline in the upper umbilical region

74
Q

right colic flexure

A

under the lower right border of the liver, ascending colon becomes transverse

75
Q

left colic flexure

A

in the left hypochondriac region in relation to lower part of spleen. transverse colon becomes descending

76
Q

hepatogastric ligament

A

lesser curvature of stomach to inferior surface of liver

77
Q

hepatoduodenal ligament

A

first part of duodenum to inferior surface of liver

78
Q

epiploic foramen

A

opening immediately posterior to the right free margin of the lesser omentum

79
Q

main branches of celiac trunk

A

left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic

80
Q

left gastric artery

A
  • sends a branch to the esophagus

* runs from the upper end of the lesser curvature to the right

81
Q

common hepatic artery divides to become

A

proper hepatic and gastroduodenal arteries

82
Q

gastroduodenal artery

A

passes down behind first part of the duodenum and gives rise the to the right gastroepiploic artery and the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

83
Q

right gastric artery

A

a branch off the proper hepatic that anastamoses with the left gastric along the lesser curvature

84
Q

right and left hepatic arteries

A

terminal branches of the proper hepatic artery

85
Q

splenic vein

A

formed at hilum of spleen and passes to the right across the posterior abdominal wall behind the upper border of the pancreas

86
Q

major duodenal papilla

A

small elevation at about the midline of the medial wall of the descending portion of duodenum. at the summit is the common orifice of the main pancreatic and common bile ducts

87
Q

superior mesenteric artery branches

A

middle colic artery, right colic artery, ileocolic

88
Q

teniae coli

A

3 separate longitudinal bands of smooth muscle that travers the length of the large intestine

89
Q

haustra

A

longitudinal series of sacculations in large intestin

90
Q

epiploic appendages

A

small fat-filled outpocketing of visceral peritoneum covering large intestine

91
Q

branches of inferior mesenteric artery

A

left colic, sigmoid branches, and superior rectal

92
Q

inferior phrenic arteries

A

arise from aorta between 2 crura of the diaphragm

93
Q

superior suprarenal artery

A

usually a branch of the inferior phrenic artery that goes to adrenal gland

94
Q

middle suprarenal arteries

A

not always present, but arise from the lateral aspects of the aorta

95
Q

lumbar arteries (4 pairs) and median sacral artery

A

may or may not be present; arise from the posterior aspect of the abdominal aorta

96
Q

posterior abdominal wall

A

formed by psoas major and quadratus lumborum

97
Q

femoral nerve

A

emerges from the posterolateral side of the psoas muscle

98
Q

obturator nerve

A

on medial side of psoas; enters pelvis by passing dowanward behind the commin iliac vessels

99
Q

rectovesical pouch

A

between posterior surface of bladder and front of rectum

100
Q

retropubic space

A

intervenes between pelvic wall and inferolateral surfaces of bladder

101
Q

tendinous arch of obturator fascia

A

gives rise to the iliococcygeus muscle

102
Q

coccygeus muscle

A

arises from ischial spine and sacrospinous ligament

103
Q

lubosacral trunk

A

nerves L4 and L5

104
Q

vesicouterine pouch

A

between bladder and uterus

105
Q

pararectal fossa

A

between the rectouterine folds and the rectum on each side

106
Q

rectouterine pouch

A

the 2 pararectal fossae communicate with each other anterior to the rectum and posterior to uterus

107
Q

broad ligament

A

part of the peritoneum that covers the uterus and stretches on each side from the lateral border of the uterus to the lateral wall of the pelvis

108
Q

uterine tube

A

is contained in the superior free edge of the broad ligament

109
Q

mesovarium

A

supports the ovary and projects posteriorly from the lateral part of the broad ligament

110
Q

mesosalpinx

A

portion of the broad ligament that lies above the mesovarium and contains the uterine tube

111
Q

mesometrium

A

mesentery of the uterus

112
Q

suspensory ligament of ovary

A

contains the ovarian vessels

113
Q

round ligament of the uterus

A

projects from the anterior surface of the broad ligament

114
Q

ovarian ligament

A

from medial ovary to lateral border of uterus

115
Q

pelvic portion of ureter (female)

A

runs downward and forward in front of the internal iliac artery to posterolateral bladder

116
Q

internal os

A

the opening in to the cervix from the uterus

117
Q

external os

A

the opening of cervix to upper part of vagina

118
Q

deep perineal pouch

A

potential space between pelvic diaphragm superioly and perineal membrane inferiorly. contains part of urethra and external urethral sphincter

119
Q

perineal membrane

A

layer of tough fascia that is perforated by the urethra and vagina. provides attachment for the muscle of the superficial external genitalia and help support pelvic viscera

120
Q

superficial perineal pouch

A

potential space between perineal membrane superiorly and perineal fascia inferiory. contains erectile tissues and 3 muscles - ischiocavernosus, bulbospongoisus, and superficial transverse perineal muscle

121
Q

ischioanal fossa

A

potentil space lying lateral to the lower end of the anal canal with an anterior extension superior to the perineal membrane. its filled by ischiorectal fat pad

122
Q

dartos tunic

A

superficial fascia of scrotum

123
Q

tunica vaginalis

A

serouss membrane that forms a completely enclose sac akin to pleural, peritoneal, and pericardial sacs

124
Q

tunica albuginea

A

immediately internal to tunica vaginalis

125
Q

urogenital fissure

A

the narrow cleft between the 2 labia majora

126
Q

frenulum of the clitoris

A

where the lower fold of each labium minus attaches to the undersurface of the clitoris

127
Q

prepuce of clitoris

A

where the upper fold of each labium minus unites above the clitoris

128
Q

urethral orifice

A

slightly anterior to vaginal orifice

Clinical Morphology (25 decks)

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