Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Morphology > Week 7: Cranial Cavity and Contents > Flashcards

Week 7: Cranial Cavity and Contents Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial fossae

A
  • floor of cranial cavity divided into 3 distinct fossae

* anterior, middle, posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

anterior cranial fossa

A
  • most shallow
  • forms roof of orbits
  • lies superior to nasal cavities
  • accommodates and supports frontal lobes of brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

primary foramen of anterior cranial fossa

A
  • cribiform plate

* supports olfactory bulbs of first cranial nerve (CN I)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

middle cranial fossa

A
  • located centrally

* accommodates temporal lobes and pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Foramina of middle cranial fossa

A

carotid canal, optic canal, superior orbital fissue, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

posterior cranial fossa

A
  • most posterior and deepest

* accommodates brainstem and cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Foramina of posterior cranial fossa

A

internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal cana, and foramen magnum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What passes through superior orbital fissure

A 
•in middle fossa
•oculomotor nerve (CN III)
•trochlear nerve (CN IV)
•opthalmic nerve (V1)
Abducens nerve (CN VI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What passes through optic canal?

A
  • in middle fossa
  • optic nerve (CN II)
  • ophthalmic artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what passes through foramen rotundum?

A
  • in middle fossa

* maxillary nerve (V2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What passes through foramen ovale?

A
  • in middle fossa

* mandibular nerve (V3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What passes through carotid canal?

A
  • in middle fossa
  • internal carotid artery
  • internal carotid nervous plexus (sympathetic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What passes through foramen spinosum?

A
  • in middle fossa

* middle meningeal artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What passes through internal acoustic meatus?

A
  • in posterior fossa
  • facial nerve (CN VII)
  • vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What passes through jugular foramen?

A
  • in posterior fossa
  • sigmoid sinus
  • glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
  • vagus nerve (CN X)
  • accessory nerve (CN XI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What passes through hypoglossal canal?

A
  • in posterior fossa

* hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What passes through foramen magmum?

A
  • in posterior fossa
  • vertebral arteries
  • accessory nerve (spinal contribution fo CN XI)
  • anterior and posterior spinal arteries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

dura mater

A
  • outermost of meninges

* 2 layers: outer periosteal layer and inner meningeal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

subarachnoid space

A
  • between arachnoid mater and pia mater

* contains CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name the dural venous sinuses

A
  • superior and inferior sagittal sinuses
  • straight sinus
  • confluence of sinuses
  • transverse
  • sigmoid
  • cavernous sinus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

dural venous sinuses function

A

drain blood from the brain and eventually empty into the internal jugular veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are dural venous sinuses?

A
  • periosteal and meningeal layers of dura separate to form several endothelial lines venous structures that include
  • contained within the reflections of the dura that separate the various brain regions and lobes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

falx cerebri

A
  • reflection found between 2 cerebral hemispheres

* contains superior and inferior sagittal sinuses and straight sinus

24
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A
  • fold of dura that covers the cerebellum and supports occipital lobes
  • contains transverse sinuses
25
Q

falx cerebelli

A
  • dura between 2 cerebellar hemispheres and diaphragma sellae
  • covers sells turcica and pituitary gland
  • contains cavernous sinus
26
Q

arachnoid granulations

A

small projections of arachnoid that extend into the dural sinuses and empty or recycle CSF into venous system

27
Q

bridging veins

A
  • drain blood from brain
  • pass through subarachnoid space and dura
  • empty into dural venous sinuses
28
Q

cause of epidural hematoma

A
  • usually results from skull fracture, which may cause laceration of vessels
  • in children, temporary displacement of skull bones can lead to laceration without fracturing skull
29
Q

most common place for skull fracture

A
  • region of temporal bone

* tremendous force usually required

30
Q

symptoms of epidural hematoma

A
  • usually brief LOC followed by lucid interval lasting minutes to hours
  • usually followed by HA, progressive alteration of consciousness, and weakness (hemiparesis)
31
Q

what does epidural look like on CT?

A

convex, lens-shaped hyperdensity that may cross midline

32
Q

cause of subdural hematoma

A
  • head trauma that causes rupture of bridging veins

* displacement of brain can cause tearing at the point where bridging veins penetrate the dura

33
Q

why are bridging veins susceptible to rupture?

A

the brain floats freely in CSF, but venous sinuses (to which bridging veins attach) are fixed

34
Q

who are especially susceptible to subdural hematoma?

A

•elderly and alcoholic -> brain atrophy -> bridging veins are stretched and brain has more space for movement •only need minor head trauma for subdural hematoma

35
Q

symptoms of subdural hematoma

A

HA and AMS without other clinical signs

36
Q

what does subdural hematoma look like on CT?

A

crescent-shaped concave hyperdensity that follows contours of brain and does not cross midline

37
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

a life-threatening type of stroke caused by bleeding into subarachnoid space, which may be caused by an aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation, or TBI

38
Q

what is an arteriovenous malformation

A
  • abnormal tangle of arteries and veins with no capillaries in between that rupture and bleed
  • can be a cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage
39
Q

Symptoms of subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

sudden onset of severe HA, often described as “worst HA of my life” with nausea, vomiting, neck or back pain, dizziness, and possible sz

40
Q

What does subarachnoid hemorrhage look like on CT?

A
  • vary depending on vessel that is bleeding

* LP with blood in CSF is also confirmatory

41
Q

blood supply to brain and spinal cord

A

provided primarily by branches of paired internal carotid and vertebral arteries

42
Q

circle of willis

A
  • anastamosis in the cranial cavity of the paired internal carotid and vertebral arteries
  • supplies the cerebrum
43
Q

3 cerebral arteries that branch off circle of willis

A

anterior, middle, and posterior

44
Q

anterior cerebral arteries supply

A

anterormedial portion of cerebrum

45
Q

middle cerebral arteries supply

A

majority of lateral brain

46
Q

posterior cerebral arteries supply

A

both medial and lateral parts of the posterior cerebrum

47
Q

brainstem and spinal cord primarily supplied by

A

branches of the vertebral artery and branches of the aorta

48
Q

anterior spinal artery

A
  • arises from vertebral artery

* its branches supply anterior 2/3 of spinal cord

49
Q

posterior spinal artery

A
  • arises from either vertebral artery or basilar artery

* supplies posterior 1/3 of spinal cord

50
Q

segmental arteries

A
  • branches of posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries from the aorta
  • anastamose with the anterior and posterior spinal arteries
51
Q

where is CSF produces

A

ependymal cells of choroid plexus

52
Q

what absorbs CSF

A

arachnoid villi

53
Q

where is CSF drained

A

to superior sagittal sinus then to venous system

54
Q

sagittal dural sinus

A

receives CSF

55
Q

cavernous dural sinus

A
  • between temporal and sphenoid bones

* contains many nerves and internal carotid

56
Q

cavernous sinus syndrome

A
  • caused by compression of cavernous dural sinus
  • HA, swollen eyes, impairment of occular motor nerves, Horner’s syndome, sensory loss 1st/2nd divisions trigenimal nerve

Clinical Morphology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions