Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Clinical Morphology > Week 6: Reproductive Histology > Flashcards

Week 6: Reproductive Histology Flashcards

1
Q

primary oocytes are arrested in

A

prophase of meiosis I, meaning they are diploid (2n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ovarian surface epithelium is

A
  • simple squamous to low cuboidal

* important stem cell in the ovary that repairs damage caused by ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Follicular phase of ovarian cycle

A

•FSH stimulates primordial follicle to undergo folliculogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

primordial follicles

A

primary oocyte surrounded by simple squamous granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

stages of follicular phase

A

primordial follicle -> primary follicle -> secondary follicle -> antral follicle -> graffian follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

primary follicles

A
  • primary oocyte surrounded by simple cuboidal granulosa cells
  • zona pellucida separates primary oocyte from the granulosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

granulosa cells secrete ___ in response to ___

A

estrogen; FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

secondary follicles

A
  • primary oocyte surrounded by stratified cuboidal granulosa cells
  • zona pellucida separates the primary oocyte from the granulosa
  • thecal cells surround the follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

2 layers of theca

A
  • theca interna- supports granulosa cells of follicle

* theca externa - continuous with ovarian stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

antral follicle

A
  • intercellular spaces develop between granulosa cells that contain follicular fluid
  • spaces eventually join together as antrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Graffian follicle

A
  • antrum reaches its max size

* granulosa cells have 3 regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cumulus oophorous

A

in the graffian follicle, the granulosa cells that anchor the primary oocyte to the wall of the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

corona radiata

A

in the graffian follicle, the granulosa cells that attach to the zona pellucida of the oocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rupture of graffian follicle

A

LH surge induces proteolytic activity in the theca externa and the tunica albuginea –> ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

secondary oocyte

A
  • haploid (n), arrested in metaphase of Meiosis II
  • the ovulated primary oocyte completes meiosis I in the oviduct and produces first polar body to become secondary oocyte
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

when is meiosis II complete in the oocyte?

A

only if fertilization occurs

releases second polar body when meiosis II is complete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

corpus luteum forms

A

during luteal phase, after rupture of graffian follicle, residual granulosa cells and theca interna cells become corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

granulosa lutein cells secretes ___ in response to ___

A

estrogen and progesterone; FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

theca lutein cells produce ___ in response to ___

A

androstenedione and progesterone; LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

androstenedione

A

produced by theca lutein cells and then converted to estradiol by aromatase in granulosa lutein cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

involution of corpus luteum

A

if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum enters an involution stage (shrinkage) about 14 days after ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

hCG affect on corpus luteum

A

if fertilization occurs, hCG is produced by trophoblast of implanted embryo, and causes corpus luteum to continue to enlarge and produce estrogen and progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

luteolysis

A

regression of the corpus luteum, leading to the corpus albicans from stromal connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

myometrium

A
  • middle muscular layer of uterine wall

* has thick circular central layer and inner/outer longitudinal or oblique layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what happens to myometrium in pregnancy
smooth muscles enlarge (hypertrophy) and increase in number (hyperplasia)
26
endometrium consists of
simple columnar lining, tubular endometrial glands, and lamina propria called endometrial stroma
27
menstrual phase of uterine cycle
* days 1-5 | * the functional layer of endometrium is shed1
28
proliferative phase of uterine cycle
* days 6-14 * regenerate functional layer of endometrium * caused by estrogen from maturing follicles
29
secretory phase of uterine cycle
* days 15-28 * thickening of endometrium * endometrial glands begin secretory activity * tubular glands become irregular and coiled * controlled by progesterone and estrogen from corpus luteum
30
endometrial ischemic phase
•regression of corpus luteum causes reduction in blood supply to endometrium -> necrosis of tissue and menstruation
31
endocervix
* lined by simple columnar folded mucosa consisting of secretory glands * secretes mucous that is antibacterial and creates favorable conditions for sperm migration
32
ectocervix
•lined by stratified squamous epithelium
33
transformation zone
abrupt epithelial transition between endocervix and ectocervix
34
mucosa layer of vagina
stratified squamous with lamina propria infiltrated by neutrophils and lymphocytes
35
muscularis of vagina
circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle
36
outer adventitial layer of vagina
dense connective tissue
37
oviduct layers
mucosa, muscularis, serosa
38
mucosa of oviduct
* simple columnar * ciliated cells that produce cilia in response to estrogen and lose cilia during luteolysis * secretory cells (peg cells) also respond to estrogen
39
Leydig cells
* located in the space between seminiferous tubules | * produce testosterone in response to LH
40
cell populations in seminiferous tubule
* somatic sertoli cells | * spermatogenic cells
41
sertoli cells
* columnar epithelium * connected by tight junctions for form basal and adluminal compartments * phagocytose residual germ cell cytoplasm, regulate release of mature spermatozoa * secrete ABP in response to FSH
42
ABP
* andogen binding protein * secreted by sertoli cells in response to FSH * concentrates testosteron in seminiferous tubule to stimulate spermatogenesis
43
spermatogonia
* diploid stem cells of testis | * located close to seminiferous tubular wall
44
primary spermatocytes
* diploid | * once a spermatogonia commits to spermatogenesis, it divides to become primary speramtocyte
45
secondary spermatocytes
* haploid | * primary spermatocytes enter meiosis I to make secondary spermatocytes
46
spermatids
* haploid | * secondary spermatids enter meiosis II to become spermatids
47
spermiogenesis
* the last step of spermatogenesis | * nuclear condensation, formation of acrosomal cap, and development of tail
48
epididymis
* spermatids enter the epididymis and mature to become motile * they are stored here until ejaculation
49
epithelium of epididymis
* pseudostratified columnar with long branched stereocilia * columnar principle cells * basal cells that are stem cells for the principle cells
50
muscularis in epididymis
* head has circular layer | * body and tail have thicker circular and an outer longitudinal layer
51
hisology of vas deferens
* epithelium is pseudostratified columnar with serteocilia * muscularis has inner and outer longitudinal muscle and middle circular * external layer loose CT and adipose
52
ejaculatory ducts
ampulla of vas deferns fuses with the seminiferous vesicles forming the ejaculatory duct that pass through the prostate gland
53
zones of prostate gland
1. transitional zone closest to and surrounding prostatic urethra 2. central zone surrounding the ejaculatory ducts 3. peripheral zone
54
epithelium of prostate glands
combination of simple and pseudostratified columnar
55
corpora amylacea
concretions often found in the lumen of prostate glands that are sometimes a site of calcium deposition
56
what do the prostate glands produce?
zinc-rich, alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidity of the vagina, provides nutrients to and transports sperm, and liquifies semen
57
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
* noncancerous enlargement of prostate that can occur with aging * restricts flow of urine through prostatic urethra * cells and stoma of central and transitional zones undergo hyperplasia
58
prostate cancer
* originates from the prostate glands of the peripheral zone, furthest from urethra * urinary sx not present in early stages
59
fibrocystic changes in breast tissue
most common benign condition in 20-40 yof; hormonal imbalances are associated; proliferation of CT stroma and cystic formation of ducts
60
fibroadenoma
second most common benign breast disease (20-30 yof); slow growing masses of epthelial and connective tissue; painless
61
breast cancer
about 80% originate in epithelial lining of lactiferous ducts; epithelial cells lining lactiferous ducts have estrogen receptors and about 50%-85% of breast tumors are estrogen dependent

Clinical Morphology (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions