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Clinical Morphology > Week 6: Reproductive Histology > Flashcards

Week 6: Reproductive Histology Flashcards

1
Q

primary oocytes are arrested in

A

prophase of meiosis I, meaning they are diploid (2n)

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2
Q

ovarian surface epithelium is

A
  • simple squamous to low cuboidal

* important stem cell in the ovary that repairs damage caused by ovulation

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3
Q

Follicular phase of ovarian cycle

A

•FSH stimulates primordial follicle to undergo folliculogenesis

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4
Q

primordial follicles

A

primary oocyte surrounded by simple squamous granulosa cells

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5
Q

stages of follicular phase

A

primordial follicle -> primary follicle -> secondary follicle -> antral follicle -> graffian follicle

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6
Q

primary follicles

A
  • primary oocyte surrounded by simple cuboidal granulosa cells
  • zona pellucida separates primary oocyte from the granulosa
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7
Q

granulosa cells secrete ___ in response to ___

A

estrogen; FSH

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8
Q

secondary follicles

A
  • primary oocyte surrounded by stratified cuboidal granulosa cells
  • zona pellucida separates the primary oocyte from the granulosa
  • thecal cells surround the follicle
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9
Q

2 layers of theca

A
  • theca interna- supports granulosa cells of follicle

* theca externa - continuous with ovarian stroma

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10
Q

antral follicle

A
  • intercellular spaces develop between granulosa cells that contain follicular fluid
  • spaces eventually join together as antrum
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11
Q

Graffian follicle

A
  • antrum reaches its max size

* granulosa cells have 3 regions

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12
Q

cumulus oophorous

A

in the graffian follicle, the granulosa cells that anchor the primary oocyte to the wall of the follicle

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13
Q

corona radiata

A

in the graffian follicle, the granulosa cells that attach to the zona pellucida of the oocyte

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14
Q

rupture of graffian follicle

A

LH surge induces proteolytic activity in the theca externa and the tunica albuginea –> ovulation

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15
Q

secondary oocyte

A
  • haploid (n), arrested in metaphase of Meiosis II
  • the ovulated primary oocyte completes meiosis I in the oviduct and produces first polar body to become secondary oocyte
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16
Q

when is meiosis II complete in the oocyte?

A

only if fertilization occurs

releases second polar body when meiosis II is complete

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17
Q

corpus luteum forms

A

during luteal phase, after rupture of graffian follicle, residual granulosa cells and theca interna cells become corpus luteum

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18
Q

granulosa lutein cells secretes ___ in response to ___

A

estrogen and progesterone; FSH and LH

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19
Q

theca lutein cells produce ___ in response to ___

A

androstenedione and progesterone; LH

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20
Q

androstenedione

A

produced by theca lutein cells and then converted to estradiol by aromatase in granulosa lutein cells

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21
Q

involution of corpus luteum

A

if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum enters an involution stage (shrinkage) about 14 days after ovulation

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22
Q

hCG affect on corpus luteum

A

if fertilization occurs, hCG is produced by trophoblast of implanted embryo, and causes corpus luteum to continue to enlarge and produce estrogen and progesterone

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23
Q

luteolysis

A

regression of the corpus luteum, leading to the corpus albicans from stromal connective tissue

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24
Q

myometrium

A
  • middle muscular layer of uterine wall

* has thick circular central layer and inner/outer longitudinal or oblique layers

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25
Q

what happens to myometrium in pregnancy

A

smooth muscles enlarge (hypertrophy) and increase in number (hyperplasia)

26
Q

endometrium consists of

A

simple columnar lining, tubular endometrial glands, and lamina propria called endometrial stroma

27
Q

menstrual phase of uterine cycle

A
  • days 1-5

* the functional layer of endometrium is shed1

28
Q

proliferative phase of uterine cycle

A
  • days 6-14
  • regenerate functional layer of endometrium
  • caused by estrogen from maturing follicles
29
Q

secretory phase of uterine cycle

A
  • days 15-28
  • thickening of endometrium
  • endometrial glands begin secretory activity
  • tubular glands become irregular and coiled
  • controlled by progesterone and estrogen from corpus luteum
30
Q

endometrial ischemic phase

A

•regression of corpus luteum causes reduction in blood supply to endometrium -> necrosis of tissue and menstruation

31
Q

endocervix

A
  • lined by simple columnar folded mucosa consisting of secretory glands
  • secretes mucous that is antibacterial and creates favorable conditions for sperm migration
32
Q

ectocervix

A

•lined by stratified squamous epithelium

33
Q

transformation zone

A

abrupt epithelial transition between endocervix and ectocervix

34
Q

mucosa layer of vagina

A

stratified squamous with lamina propria infiltrated by neutrophils and lymphocytes

35
Q

muscularis of vagina

A

circular and longitudinal layers of smooth muscle

36
Q

outer adventitial layer of vagina

A

dense connective tissue

37
Q

oviduct layers

A

mucosa, muscularis, serosa

38
Q

mucosa of oviduct

A
  • simple columnar
  • ciliated cells that produce cilia in response to estrogen and lose cilia during luteolysis
  • secretory cells (peg cells) also respond to estrogen
39
Q

Leydig cells

A
  • located in the space between seminiferous tubules

* produce testosterone in response to LH

40
Q

cell populations in seminiferous tubule

A
  • somatic sertoli cells

* spermatogenic cells

41
Q

sertoli cells

A
  • columnar epithelium
  • connected by tight junctions for form basal and adluminal compartments
  • phagocytose residual germ cell cytoplasm, regulate release of mature spermatozoa
  • secrete ABP in response to FSH
42
Q

ABP

A
  • andogen binding protein
  • secreted by sertoli cells in response to FSH
  • concentrates testosteron in seminiferous tubule to stimulate spermatogenesis
43
Q

spermatogonia

A
  • diploid stem cells of testis

* located close to seminiferous tubular wall

44
Q

primary spermatocytes

A
  • diploid

* once a spermatogonia commits to spermatogenesis, it divides to become primary speramtocyte

45
Q

secondary spermatocytes

A
  • haploid

* primary spermatocytes enter meiosis I to make secondary spermatocytes

46
Q

spermatids

A
  • haploid

* secondary spermatids enter meiosis II to become spermatids

47
Q

spermiogenesis

A
  • the last step of spermatogenesis

* nuclear condensation, formation of acrosomal cap, and development of tail

48
Q

epididymis

A
  • spermatids enter the epididymis and mature to become motile
  • they are stored here until ejaculation
49
Q

epithelium of epididymis

A
  • pseudostratified columnar with long branched stereocilia
  • columnar principle cells
  • basal cells that are stem cells for the principle cells
50
Q

muscularis in epididymis

A
  • head has circular layer

* body and tail have thicker circular and an outer longitudinal layer

51
Q

hisology of vas deferens

A
  • epithelium is pseudostratified columnar with serteocilia
  • muscularis has inner and outer longitudinal muscle and middle circular
  • external layer loose CT and adipose
52
Q

ejaculatory ducts

A

ampulla of vas deferns fuses with the seminiferous vesicles forming the ejaculatory duct that pass through the prostate gland

53
Q

zones of prostate gland

A
  1. transitional zone closest to and surrounding prostatic urethra
  2. central zone surrounding the ejaculatory ducts
  3. peripheral zone
54
Q

epithelium of prostate glands

A

combination of simple and pseudostratified columnar

55
Q

corpora amylacea

A

concretions often found in the lumen of prostate glands that are sometimes a site of calcium deposition

56
Q

what do the prostate glands produce?

A

zinc-rich, alkaline fluid that neutralizes the acidity of the vagina, provides nutrients to and transports sperm, and liquifies semen

57
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A
  • noncancerous enlargement of prostate that can occur with aging
  • restricts flow of urine through prostatic urethra
  • cells and stoma of central and transitional zones undergo hyperplasia
58
Q

prostate cancer

A
  • originates from the prostate glands of the peripheral zone, furthest from urethra
  • urinary sx not present in early stages
59
Q

fibrocystic changes in breast tissue

A

most common benign condition in 20-40 yof; hormonal imbalances are associated; proliferation of CT stroma and cystic formation of ducts

60
Q

fibroadenoma

A

second most common benign breast disease (20-30 yof); slow growing masses of epthelial and connective tissue; painless

61
Q

breast cancer

A

about 80% originate in epithelial lining of lactiferous ducts; epithelial cells lining lactiferous ducts have estrogen receptors and about 50%-85% of breast tumors are estrogen dependent

Clinical Morphology (25 decks)

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