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Clinical Morphology > Lab Practical 3 > Flashcards

Lab Practical 3 Flashcards

1
Q

pterion

A

junction of frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones

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2
Q

lambdoid suture

A

connects occipital bone to parietal bones

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3
Q

foramen ovale is in what bone

A

spehnoid

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4
Q

foramen spinosum is in what bone

A

sphenoid

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5
Q

foramen lacerum is in what bone

A

sphenoid

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6
Q

medial and lateral pterigoid plates are in what boine

A

sphenoid

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7
Q

mandibular fossa in what bone

A

temporal

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8
Q

stylomastoid foramen in what bone

A

temporal

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9
Q

carotid canal in what bone

A

temporal

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10
Q

groove for auditory tube in what bone

A

temporal

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11
Q

jugular foramen in what bone

A

temporal

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12
Q

hypoglossal canal in what bone

A

occipital

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13
Q

crista galli in what bone

A

ethmoid

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14
Q

cribiform plate in what bone

A

ethmoid

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15
Q

anterior clinoid process in what bone

A

sphenoid

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16
Q

optic canal is in what bone

A

sphenoid

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17
Q

superior orbital fissue in what bone

A

sphenoid

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18
Q

endocranium

A

outer layer of dura

=periosteum on the inner surface of skull bones

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19
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

where 2 layers of dura separate to enclose blood spaces

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20
Q

falx cerebri

A

separates hemispheres of cerebrum

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21
Q

tentorium cerebelli

A

separates cerebellum from cerebrum

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22
Q

falx cerebelli

A

separates hemispheres of cerebellum

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23
Q

superior sagittal sinus

A

at level of occipital protuberance, ti terminates by joining right (less frequently the left) transverse sinus

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24
Q

arachnoid granulations

A

projections of arachnoid within superior sagittal sinus

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25
Q

inferior sagittal sinus enclosed within

A

lower free margin of falx cerebri

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26
Q

tentorial incisure

A

inner or anterior border of the tentorium cerebelli

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27
Q

tentorial notch

A

formed by the tentorial incisure, and posterior cranial fossa communicates with middle cranial fossa through it

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28
Q

hypophyseal fossa of sella turcica

A

the pituitary glands sits in this

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29
Q

straight sinus

A

along the junction of tentorium and falx cerebri

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30
Q

straight sinus usually ends by joining

A

left transverse sinus

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31
Q

confluence of sinus

A

may be present with superior sagittal, straight, right and left transverse sinuses coming together

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32
Q

sigmoid sinus

A

where the transverse sinuses turn downward at the lateral end of the superior border of the petrous part of the the temporal bone

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33
Q

sigmoid sinus enters

A

jugular foramen to drain into internal jugular vein

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34
Q

cavernous sinuses

A

lie between the 2 layers of durat at the sides of sella turcica.
receive blood from superior and inferior ophthamlmic veins

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35
Q

4 main lobes contained in the cerebral hemispheres

A

frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal

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36
Q

pons

A

prominent ridge of transverse fibers extending laterally into the hemispheres of the cerebellum

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37
Q

midbrain (mesencephalon)

A

found immediately rostral to pons

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38
Q

internal carotid arteries

A

along with 2 vertebral arteries supplies all the blood to the brain

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39
Q

anterior cerebral arteries

A

branch of internal carotid that supplies blood to the medial aspect of frontal and parietal lobes

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40
Q

middle cerebral arteries

A

branch of internal carotid that supplies blood to the lateral aspects of frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes

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41
Q

anterior communicating artery

A

joins the 2 anterior cerebrals just behind optic chiasma

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42
Q

posterior communicating artery

A

joins the 2 middle cerebrals and anastamoses with the posterior cerebral artery

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43
Q

vertebral arteries give rise to

A

anterior and posterior spinal, and posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

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44
Q

basilar artery

A

provides numerous pontine branches and supplies most of the blood to the cerebellum through anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries

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45
Q

arterial circle of willis

A

seven-sided arterial ring formed by anastamoses of anterior cerebral, anterior communicating, posterior communicating and posterior cerebral arteries

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46
Q

3rd ventricle

A

slit-like cavity in midline superior to the pons and midbrain

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47
Q

interventricular foramen of monro

A

connects the paired lateral ventricles with the 3rd ventricle

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48
Q

choroid plexus

A

vascular plexus that is main source of CSF

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49
Q

4th ventricle

A

lies posterior to medulla and pons

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50
Q

cerebral aqueduct of sylvius

A

where the 4th ventricle is continuous superiorly with 3rd ventricle

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51
Q

foramina of luschka (lateral apertures) and foramen magendie (medial apertures)

A

where the 4th ventricle is continuous inferiorly with the subarachnoid space

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52
Q

corpus collosum

A

superior to lateral ventricles and facilitates communication between hemispheres

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53
Q

carotid canal

A

where the internal carotid enters the cranial cavity

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54
Q

foramen spinosum

A

where the middle meningeal artery from the maxillary artery enters the cranial cavity

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55
Q

frontalis muscle

A

thin, flat lies just under skin of forehead

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56
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

circular muscle surrounding palpebral rima

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57
Q

orbicularis oris

A

surrounds opening of mouth

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58
Q

zygomaticus major

A

flat muscle arising from zygomatic bone and inserting at angle of mouth blending with orbicularis oris

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59
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

extends from angle of mouth to lateral aspect of chin

60
Q

parotid gland

A

occupies interval between posterior border of ramus of mandible and anterior border of SCM muscle and mastoid process

61
Q

duct of parotid

A
  • usually considerable size

* emerges from anterior border of gland and crossers cheek anteriorly about 1.5 cm under zygomatic arch

62
Q

branches of facial nerve

A

emerge at borders of the parotid

63
Q

supraorbital nerve

A

largest cutaneous branch of ophthalmic nerve leaves orbit at supraorbital notch or foramen

64
Q

infraorbital nerve

A

largest cutaneous branch of maxillary nerve leaves via infraorbital foremen

65
Q

mental nerve

A

largest cutaneous branch of mandibular nerve - mental foremen

66
Q

facial artery

A

found at submandibular gland and moves upward into face

67
Q

masseter muscle

A

thick quadrilateral muscle covering ramus of mandible externally

68
Q

buccinator muscle

A

lies in the substance of the cheek, covered by buccal fat pad

69
Q

buccinator muscle

A

lies in the substance of the cheek, covered by buccal fat pad

70
Q

platysma

A

thin muscle associated with skin of neck

71
Q

inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

A

courses inferiorly across the neck toward the shoulder

72
Q

transverse cervical artery

A

traverses posterior triangle

73
Q

suprascapular artery

A

traverses posterior triangle

74
Q

levator scapulae

A

muscle in floor of post triangle

75
Q

posterior, middle, and anterior scalenes

A

muscles in floor of post tirangle

76
Q

phrenic nerve

A

runs vertically over the surface of the anterior scalene muscle from neck into thoracic cavity

77
Q

accessory nerve

A
  • spinal root of CN XI

* emerges from under SCM and runs downward and posteriorly on levator scapulae to disappear under trapezius

78
Q

suprascapular nerve

A

passes laterally to upper border of scapula to supply infraspinatus and supraspinatus

79
Q

supracapular artery and vein

A

may be accompanying the suprascapular artery

80
Q

long throracic nerve

A
  • derived from upper roots of brachial plexus (supples serratus anterior)
  • takes vertical course and passes posterior to trunks of plexus into the axilla
81
Q

subclavian vein and artery

A

•vein is immediately posterior to clavicle in lower anterior corner of post triangle

82
Q

thryroid cartilage

A

forms the prominence of larynx commonly called Adam’s apple

83
Q

hyoid bone

A

superior to thyroid cartiage

84
Q

thyrohoid membrane

A

connects thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone

85
Q

sternohyoid muscle

A

extends from sternum to lower border of hyoid bone

86
Q

superior belly of omohyoid muscle

A
  • runs upward and forward through ant triangle

* inserts lateral to sternohyoid

87
Q

sternothyroid

A

from inner surface of manubrium and inserts on lateral side of thyroid cartilage

88
Q

thyrohoid muscle

A

thryroid cartilage to lower border of hyoid bone

89
Q

cricothyroid muscle

A

from cricoid cartilage of trachea to inferior portion of thyroid cartilage

90
Q

digastric muscle

A

anterior belly and posterior belly with intermediate tendon

91
Q

anterior belly of digastric

A

arises from mandible

92
Q

posterior belly of digastric

A

arises from medial side of mastoid process

93
Q

stylohyoid muscle

A

from base of styloid process to hyoid bone

94
Q

mylohoid muscle

A

flat sheet that forms floor of submandibular and submental triangles

95
Q

geniohyoid

A

from hyoid to mandible

96
Q

ansa cervicalis

A

loops of nerves from cervical plexus found outside of carotid sheath

97
Q

carotid sheath encloses

A

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve

98
Q

hypoglossal neve

A

loops across the carotid near its bifurcation

99
Q

carotid sinus

A

a dilation at the termination of the common carotid or the beginning of the internal carotid

100
Q

superior thyroid artery

A

first branch of external carotid

101
Q

superior laryngeal aertery

A

branch of superior thyroid artery; pierces thyrohyoid membrane to enter larynx

102
Q

ascending pharyngeal artery

A

arises medial surface of external carotid

103
Q

lingual artery

A

arises at level of greater horn of hyoid bone

104
Q

occipital artery

A

posterior aspect of external carotid

arises close to lower border of digastric muscle

105
Q

facial artery

A

passes deep to posterior belly of digastric

106
Q

internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve

A

branch of vagus

107
Q

external branch of superior laryngeal nerve

A

smaller than internal branch

108
Q

superior cervical ganglion

A
  • lies deep to the carotid arteries at about the level of the bifurcation, medial to vagus, and often embedded in the fascia of posterior portion of carotid sheath
  • superior extent of sympathetic chain
109
Q

vertebral artery

A

first branch of subclavian artery

110
Q

vertebral artery

A

first branch of subclavian artery

111
Q

lateral to vertebral artery on subclavian artery

A

thyrocervical trunk and internal thoracic

112
Q

thyrocervical trunk

A

runs superiorly for a short distance from the subclavian artery then usually divides into transverse cervical, suprascapular, and inferior thyroid arteries

113
Q

internal thoracic artery

A

runs downward and forward from sublcavian to anterior thoracic wall behind first costal cartilage

114
Q

recurrent laryngeal nerves

A

in the groove between the esophagus and the trachea

115
Q

lingual nerve

A

descends from under inferior border of lateral pterygoid

passes down and forward to reach medial surface of mandible

116
Q

inferior alveolar nerve

A

also descends from under lateral pterygoid, just posterior to the lingual nerve and eneters the mandibular foramen with the inferior alveolar artery

117
Q

middle meningeal artery

A

branch of the maxillary artery that ascends to enter foramen spinosum

118
Q

chorda tympani

A

a tiny nerve that joins the lingual nerve

119
Q

nasal vestibule

A

just internal to nostril

contains hair

120
Q

choana

A

marks where the nasal cavity opens to nasopharynx

121
Q

nasal septum

A

formed by vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

122
Q

atrium

A

the portion of the nasal cavity lying anterior to the conchae and communicating with the vestibule

123
Q

sphenoethmoidal recess

A

the part of the nasal cavity that lies above and behind the superior concha

124
Q

posterior ethmoid cells

A

communicate with the nasal cavity through one or more openings in the lateral wall of the superior meatus

125
Q

hiatus semilunaris

A

curved groove running downwrd and posteriorly from the infundibulum in the middle meatus

126
Q

ethmoidal bulla

A

a bulging prominence in the lateral wall os the middle meatus posterior to infundibulum and superior to the hiatus semilunaris

127
Q

opening of nasolacrimal duct

A

found in the wall of the inferior meatus

128
Q

vestibule of oral cavity

A

narrow cleftlike space that is bounded by the cheeks and lips externally and the teeth and gums externally

129
Q

oral cavity proper

A

behind teeth

130
Q

palatoglossal arches

A

first arch at the back of the roof of the mouth

131
Q

palatopharyngeal arches

A

arches behind the palatoglossal

132
Q

isthmus of the fouces

A

passageway between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches through which the oral cavity communicates with the oropharynx

133
Q

frenulum

A

vertical fold of mucous membrane running from the undersurface of the anterior free portion of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

134
Q

sublingual papilla or caruncle

A

at each side of the frenulum, the opening of the submandibular duct can be seen at the summit of this papilla

135
Q

sublingual fold (plica)

A

extending posterolaterally along the floor of the mouth from the caruncle

136
Q

superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictors

A

difficult to distinguish from one another

they arise anterolaterally and spread posteromedially around the wall of the parynx

137
Q

uvula

A

a conical projection on the free margin of the soft palate

138
Q

superior laryngeal aperture

A

bounded by the epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds

139
Q

vestibular folds

A

false vocal cords

are below the vestibule

140
Q

ventricle of larynx

A

portion of laryngeal cavity between the vestibular folds and the vocal folds

141
Q

infraglottic compartment

A

area below the vocal folds

142
Q

rima glottidis

A

narrow interval between the 2 vocal folds

143
Q

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

A

only abductor of the vocal folds

144
Q

frontal nerve

A

largest of 3 terminal branches of ophthalmic nerve that lies immediately above the levator palpebrae superioris

145
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

flat muscle immediately above the superior rectus muscle

Clinical Morphology (25 decks)

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