Week 7: Anatomy of Neck

Question 1

superficial cervical fascia

Answer 1

• lies between skin and deeper layer of cervical fascia

* contains superficial veins (external jugular), lymph nodes, adipose tissue, and the platysma muscle

Question 2

deep cervical fascia

Answer 2

3 layers
•investing layer
•prevertebral layer
•pretracheal layer
•Carotid sheaths

Question 3

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 3

• most superficial

* surrounds all structures in neck

Question 4

prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 4

surrounds vertebral column and deep muscles of the neck

Question 5

pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 5

• encloses viscera of neck

* posterior part is referred to as the buccopharyngeal fascia

Question 6

what are the viscera of the neck

Answer 6

pharynx, esophagus, thyroid gland, and trachea

Question 7

carotid sheaths of deep cervical fascia

Answer 7

surround neurovascular bundles on either side of neck (common carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerve)

Question 8

between the fascial layers of the neck

Answer 8

•potential spaces that may provide conduit for spread of infection

Question 9

pretracheal space

Answer 9

between investing layer and pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 10

retropharyngeal space

Answer 10

between buccopharyngeal fascia and prevertebral facia

Question 11

third space

Answer 11

WITHIN the anterior part of the prevertebral fascia covering the bodies of the vertebrae

Question 12

anterior triangle of the neck

Answer 12

bounded by the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, inferior border of the mandible, and the midline of the neck

Question 13

posterior triangle of the neck

Answer 13

defined by posterior border of sternocleidomastoid muscle, anterior border of trapezius, and clavicle

Question 14

function of suprahyoid muscles

Answer 14

raise the hyoid bone toward the mandible during swallowing

Question 15

innervation of suprahyoid muscles

Answer 15

facial or trigeminal nerve

Question 16

function of infrahyoid muscles

Answer 16

depress the hyoid bone and larynx during swallowing and vocalization

Question 17

innervation of infrahyoid muscles

Answer 17

branches of the cervical spinal nerves (ansa cervicalis)

Question 18

function of scalene muscles

Answer 18

• act as accessory muscles of respiration

* flex the neck

Question 19

innervation of scalene muscles

Answer 19

branches of cervical spinal nerves (ansa cervicalis)

Question 20

location of scalene muscles

Answer 20

• there is anterior, middle, and posterior

* located in lateral aspect of neck in posterior triangle

Question 21

scalene muscles are important landmark for what in the neck?

Answer 21

subclavian artery and brachial plexus pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

Question 22

supply of thyroid gland

Answer 22

• superior thyroid artery (1st branch of external carotid artery)
• inferior thyroid artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk off subclavian artery)

Question 23

thyroid gland is rich in veins that empty to

Answer 23

either internal jugular vein or brachiocephalic vein

Question 24

laryngeal nerves and thyroid

Answer 24

• the recurrent laryngeal nerves pass deep to the lateral lobes of they thyroid to enter the larynx
• they are at risk of nerve injury during surgical removal or manipulation of thyroid

Question 25

parathyroid glands location

Answer 25

normally found on deep surface of lateral lobes of thyroid, though their location can be highly variable

Question 26

parathyroid glands function

Answer 26

responsible for PTH, that acts to regulate the calcium levels in the body

Question 27

considerations to take during tracheotomy

Answer 27

location of thyroid; isthmus may be encountered and may have to be retracted or divided

Question 28

considerations to take during cricothyrotomy

Answer 28

location of thyroid; is a pyramidal lobe is present, it may interfere with access to cricothyroid membrane

Question 29

right and left common carotid arteries

Answer 29

• ascend up neck in the carotid sheath, lateral to the trachea and esophagus
• do not give off any branches

Question 30

internal carotid artery

Answer 30

gives off no branches in neck, but enters skull to provide blood to brain

Question 31

external carotid

Answer 31

• has 7 branches: superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, and maxillary
• ends as the superficial temporal artery

Question 32

cervical nerve plexus

Answer 32

network of nerve fibers for motor and sensory innervation to structures of neck and trunk

Question 33

cervical nerve plexus formed by

Answer 33

formed from anterior rami of C1-C4 spinal nerves

Question 34

cervical nerve plexus located

Answer 34

in the posterior triangle of neck

Question 35

important motor branches of cervical plexus

Answer 35

• phrenic nerve (C3-C5) - motor to diaphragm

* ansa cervicalis (C1-C3) - motor to infrahyoid muscles

Question 36

sensory branches of cervical plexus supply

Answer 36

skin of neck, upper thorax, scalp, and ear

Question 37

Erb’s point

Answer 37

• where sensory branches of cervical plexus enter the skin

* middle of posterior border of sternocleidomastoid

Question 38

4 major branches of cervical plexus

Answer 38

lesser occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, and supraclavicular nerves

Question 39

Where is a cervical nerve block done

Answer 39

Erb’s point

Question 40

Where do the common carotids split

Answer 40

about the level of thyroid cartilage; they split into external and internal carotid arteries