Week 7: Cranial nerves Flashcards
Cranial nerves that arise from the cerebrum
only the first 2: olfactory and optic
Majority of cranial nerves arise from
brain stem: CN III-XII
Which cranial nerves transmit parasympathetic information?
III, VII, IX, and X
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Olfactory (CN I)
special sense (smell)
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Optic (CN II)
special sense (vision)
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Occulomotor (CN III)
- motor
* parasympathetic
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Trochlear (CN IV)
•motor
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Trigeminal (CN V)
- sensory
* motor
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Abducens (CN VI)
•motor
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Facial (CN VII)
- special sense (taste)
- motor
- parasympathetic
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
•special sense (balance/hearing)
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Glossopharyngeal (CN IX)
- sensory
- special sense (taste)
- motor
- parasympathetic
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Vagus (CN X)
- sensory
- motor
- parasympathetic
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Accestory (CN XI)
•motor
Sensory, motor, or mixed:
Hypoglossal (CN XII)
•motor
function of CN I
- Olfactory
* special sense of smell
function of CN II
- Optic
* special sense of vision
function of CN III
- Occulomotor
- motor to most extraocular muscles of eye
- parasympathetic to pupillary sphincter and ciliary muscle to eye
function of CN IV
- Troclear (smallest CN)
* motor to superior oblique muscle of eye
function of CN V
- Trigeminal (largest CN)
* has 3 divisions: opthalmic division, maxillary division, and mandibular division
function of CN V1
- Opthhalmic division of CN V
* sensory to scalp, forehead, nose, cornea and conjunctiva of eye
function of CN V2
- Maxillary division of CN V
* sensory to cheeks, lower eye lid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth, and palate
function of CN V3
- Mandibular division of CN V
- sensory to anterior 2/3 of tongue, chin, and lower teeth
- motor to muscles of mastication
function of CN VI
- Abducens
* motor to lateral rectus muscle of eye
function of CN VII
- Facial
- sense of taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
- motor to muscles of facial expression
- parasympathetic to lacrimal, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands
function of CN VIII
- Vestibulocochlear
* special sense of hearing and balance
function of CN IX
- Glossopharyngeal
- sensory to posterior 1/3 of tongue, palate, and oropharynx (afferent limb of gag reflex)
- motor to pharynx (swallowing)
- special sense of taste from posterior 1/3 or tongue
- parasympathetic to parotid salivary gland
function of CN X
- Vagus
- sensory to external ear, larynx, and esophagus
- motor to muscles of pharynx, larynx, palate and esophagus (speech and swallowing, efferent limb of gag reflex)
- parasympathetic to thoracic and abdominal organs
function of CN XI
- Spinal accessory
* motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscle
function of CN XII
- Hypoglossal
* motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
What nerves exit from cribiform plate?
olfactory (CN I)
What nerves exit from optic canal?
optic (CN II)
What nerves exit from superior orbital fissure?
- oculomotor (CN III)
- trochlear (CN IV)
- ophthalmic (CN V1)
- abducens (CN VI)
What nerves exit from foramen rotundum?
Maxillary (CN V2)
What nerves exit from foramen ovale?
mandibular (CN V3)
What nerves exit from internal acoustic meatus?
- Facial (CN VII)
* Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
What nerves exit from jugular foramen?
- glosopharyngeal (CN IX)
- vagus (CN X)
- accessory (CN XI)
What nerves exit from hypoglossal canal?
hypoglossal (CN XII)
Major sensory branches of ophthalmic division of CN V
- frontal nerve, which give off lacrimal nerve
* supraorbital nerve
major sensory branches of maxillary division of CN V
- infraorbital nerve
* superior alveolar nerve
what does superior alveolar nerve do
- branch off CN V2
* sensory for upper teeth and some of the sinuses of the head and nasal mucosa
major sensory branches of mandibular branch of CN V
- buccal nerve
- ariculotemporal nerve
- lingual nerve
- inferior alveolar nerve
buccal nerve
- branch of CN V3
* sensory from inside of mouth and cheek
ariculotemporal nerve
- branch of CN V3
* sensory from skin around external ear
lingual nerve
- branch of CN V3
* sensory from anterior 2/3 of tongue
inferior alveolar nerve
- branch of CN V3
- sensory from lower teeth
- exits mandible via mental foramen to become mental nerve
mental nerve
- from inferior alveolar nerve, a branch of CN V3
* sensory from region of lower lip and face
motor branches of mandibular division of CN V3 function
•motor to muscles of mastication (temporalis, amsseter, medial and lateral pterygoid)
innervation and function of stapedius muscle
- a branch of facial nerve
* important in dampening sound receive by tympanic membrane
5 motor branches of facial nerve
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, and cervical
muscles innervated by temporal branches of facial nerve
frontalis, orbicularis oculi, and corrugator supercilli
muscles innervated by zygomatic branches of facial nerve
orbicularis occuli
muscles innervated by buccal branches of facial nerve
orbicularis oris, buccinator, and zygomaticus
muscles innervated by marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve
mentalis
muscles innervated by cervical branch of facial nerve
platysma
parasympathetic innervation of neck
provided by cranial nerve CN III, VII and IX
preganglionic fibers of parasympathetic nerve synapse where
peripheral ganglia within the head (ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, and otic)
sympathetic innervation of neck
- derived from upper thoracic spinal cord levels (T1-T2)
- ascend via sympathetic trunk
- synapse in superior cervical ganglion
greater petrosal nerve
- in proximal portion of facial canal, facial nerve gives off this branch
- it carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine ganglion, which eventually join the lacrimal nerve to innervate the lacrimal gland to cause tearing
chorda tympani
- branch of facial nerve that runs with lingual nerve for a time
- carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to submandibular ganglion.
- postganglionic fibers exit and pass directly to submandibular and sublingual glands to stimulate salivation
parasympathetic fibers of glossopharyngeal nerve
- synapse in otic ganglion behind mandible
* postganglionic fibers join the auriculotemporal nerve (branch of CN V3) to travel to parotid gland
