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PSYC 100 > Week 8 > Flashcards

Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Sensation

A

Physiological process that underlies transformation of the chemical, mechanical, light and sound energy in the world into electrical activity in the brain

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2
Q

Perception

A

Psychological process involved in the organization and interpretation of sensations

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3
Q

Transduction

A

Conversion of physical energy into electrical potentials - happens in sensory receptor cells, which are specialized neurons

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4
Q

Quantitatively

A

Referring to amounts or quantities that can be measured objectively

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5
Q

Qualitatively

A

Pertaining to some quality or characteristic other than magnitude (wavelength/sound/light)

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6
Q

Gustation

A

Sensing with taste

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7
Q

Olfactory

A

Sense of smell

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8
Q

Somatosenses

A

Bodily senses.
Proprioception
Vestibular senses

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9
Q

Proprioception

A

A sense of relative position of lims and other parts of the body, due to receptors in muscles and joints, sometimes called kinesthesis

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10
Q

Vestibular senses

A

Senses involved with balance

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11
Q

Receptor cells

A

Specialized neurons that transduce physical energy (light etc) into electrical signals

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12
Q

Adequate stimulus

A

Type of physical energy to which a sensory receptor is especially tuned

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13
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

A change, usually decreased, in sensitivity that occurs when a sensory system is repeatedly stimulated in exactly the same way

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14
Q

Fatigue

A

Neurons that are subjected to steady, continuous stimulation become unable to send signals across synapses

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15
Q

Pattern (or population) code

A

Instead of information being conveyed by single cell nerves or a small group of cells, it is conveyed in the activity across a whole population (a lot) of cells

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16
Q

Temporal code

A

uses the rate at which the neurons are firing to determine perception

17
Q

Place coding

A

Depends on the location of the neurons firing to determine perception

18
Q

Spontaneous rate

A

Rate of neural firing when no stimulus is present

19
Q

Rate of firing

A

Codes the intensity of the stimulus

20
Q

Multisensory

A

Relating to or involving more than one physiological sense

21
Q

Cranial nerves

A

12 pairs of nerve fibres that travel onto and out of the skull and carry all sensory information (except somatosenses) from parts of the body below the neck

22
Q

Psycophysics

A

The study of how sensation relates to perception

23
Q

Sensory thresholds

A

The point at which a stimulus triggers the start of an afferent nerve impluse

24
Q

Difference threshold

A

The just noticeable difference between 2 stimuli

25
Q

Webers Law

A

The size of the just noticeable difference of a stimulus divided by its initial intensity is a constant

26
Q

Fechner’s Law

A

In every sensory domain, each just noticeable difference represents an equal step in the psychological magnitude of a sensation. This means that changes in stimulus can be compared across sensory domains, for example, between vision and touch

27
Q

Steven’s Power Law

A

Proposed relationship between the magnitude of a stimulus and its perceived intensity and strength

28
Q

Absolute thresholds

A

Minimum value of a stimulus that can be detected

29
Q

Cognitive factors

A

Factors that involve thought processes, including changes in attention, expectation and altertness

30
Q

Signal detection theory

A

Mathematical theory of the detection of stimulation in which every stimulus event requires discrimination between the signal (stimulus) and noise (consisting of both background stimuli and random activity in the neurons system)

31
Q

Receiver operating characteristics

A

Graph of hits and false alarms of participants under different motivational conditions; indicated people’s ability to detect a particular stimulus

32
Q

3 perpetual decisions

A
  1. Assuming what you’re looking at
  2. Based on previous knowledge of what that thing is, decide how far away it is
  3. If the spots are getting bigger, it must mean it’s getting closer
33
Q

Unconscious inferences

A

Perception us built up from elemental sensations - but this doesn’t explain illusionary contours

34
Q

Gesalt Grouping Rules

A

A set of rules that describe when elements in an image will appear to group together

35
Q

Constructivist approach

A

Perceptions are constructed from degraded, bare bones sensory input, plus guesswork based on knowledge and experience

PSYC 100 (20 decks)

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