Week 19

Question 1

Conformity

Answer 1

Adjusting one’s attitudes and behaviours to coincide with a group norm. (Good and bad)

Question 2

Reasons for conformity

Answer 2

Informational influence

Normative influence

Question 3

Informational influence

Answer 3

A form of social influence that leads a person to conform because he/she believes others are credible and have more information

Question 4

Normative influence

Answer 4

A form of social influence that leads a person to conform, because they fear the consequence of deviating from group norms

Question 5

Different types of conformity

Answer 5

Private conformity

Public conformity

Question 6

Private vs public conformity

Answer 6

When an individual changes behaviours and beliefs vs changing behaviours but not beliefs

Question 7

Principles of influence

Answer 7

Consistency and commitment
Reciprocity
Social proof
Liking
Authority
Scarcity

Question 8

Foot-in-door technique

Answer 8

A two sided compliance technique in which the influencer prefaces the real request by first getting a person to comply with a much smaller request

Question 9

Low-Balling Technique

Answer 9

A 2 step compliance technique in which the influencer secures agreement with a request but then increase the size of that request by revealing hidden costs

Question 10

Door-in-face technique

Answer 10

2 step compliance technique in which the influencer prefaces the real request with a request so large it is likely to be rejected and make the real request seem much more reasonable. Effective because of the principle of consistency

Question 11

That’s not all technique

Answer 11

2 step compliance technique in which the influencer makes an initial request and before the person can respond, increases the attractiveness of the request by offering an additional benefit or increase its apparent size. Effective because of reciprocity

Question 12

Perceptual constrast

Answer 12

If we see two things in sequence that are different from one another, we will tend to see the second as more different from one another, we will tend to see the second as more different from the first than it actually it

Question 13

Bystander apathy

Answer 13

The effect whereby the presence of others inhibits helping

Question 14

Pluralistic ignorance

Answer 14

False impression of what most people are thinking or feeling, or how they are responding. It occurs when people mistakenly think that their own individual thoughts/feelings/behaviours are different from those around them

Question 15

Diffusion of responsibility

Answer 15

The belief that other people will or should take responsibility for helping someone in need

Question 16

Developing relationships

Answer 16

Proximity/familiarity
Gender differences
Reciprocity and similarity

Question 17

3 Theories explaining relationships

Answer 17

Attachment theory
Social exchange theory
Investment model

Question 18

Attachment theory

Answer 18

Outlines how people different global orientations towards their relationships because of childhood attachments. Eary attachments influence our tendencies to develop and maintain interpersonal relationships throughout life.

Question 19

Social Exchange theory

Answer 19

Looks at relationships from an economics perspective and maintains that people are motivated to maximize the benefits and minimize the costs associated with their relationships

Question 20

Investment model

Answer 20

Builds on the ideas outlined in social exchange theory and poses that commitment is the single best predictor of relationship longetivity

Question 21

Commitment determined by 3 factors

Answer 21

Satisfaction
Quality of alternatives
Investment

Question 22

Positive illusions

Answer 22

Unrealistically favourable attitudes people have towards themselves or people who are close to them

Question 23

Social facilitation

Answer 23

An increase a persons performance of a task because of the presence of others

Question 24

Social interface

Answer 24

A decline in a person’s performance of a task because of the presence of others

Question 25

Mere presence theory

Answer 25

The mere presence of others is sufficient enough to induce arousal, it is a hardwired response

Question 26

Evaluation apprehension theory

Answer 26

induce arousal because they are in a position to evaluate our performance and we are concerned about this evaluation

Question 27

Group polarization

Answer 27

The enhancement of a group's initial attitude through discussion within the group

Question 28

Groupthink

Answer 28

Made of thinking that people engage in when the need for agreement becomes so dominant in a cohesive group that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action

Question 29

Markers of groupthink

Answer 29

``` Stressful situations Highly cohesive groups Homogenous groups Isolation from outside influence Under directive leadership when there are no systematic pressures for effective decision making ```

Question 30

Directive leadership

Answer 30

Leadership with clear authority and decision making power

Question 31

Mind-guards

Answer 31

Members who protect the group from information that would call into question the effectiveness of a decision

Question 32

Illusion of unaniimty

Answer 32

Illusion created by self censorship and pressure not to counter the consensus

Question 33

Drives

Answer 33

Reversible internal conditions that affect the nature/strength/persistence of an individuals behaviour