Week 11 Flashcards
Method of Loci
Method of memory enhancement that uses visual information to organize and recall information. Items are remembered based of associations with specific locations
3 Components of memory
Encoding
Storage
Retrival
Encoding
The process by which perceptions, thoughts and feelings are transformed into memory
Storage
The process maintaining information in memory overtime
Retrival
The process by which information that was previously encoded and stored is brought to mind
Schema
Metal framework or body of knowledge that organizes and synthesizes information about a person/place/thing
Types of processing
Structural
Acoustic
Sematic
Structural
When participant though about words appearance
Acoustic
Thought about sound
Sematic
Thought about their meaning
Levels of processing effect
The strength of the memory trace (degree to which it has been encoded to be stored and retrieved) depends on how extensively the information is processed at encoding
Elaborative encoding
Actively relating new knowledge to knowledge already stored in memory
Chunking
Grouping items in memory, such that individual terms are grouped into larger assemblies
Mnemonics
Special techniques/strategies consciously employed in an attempt to use memory
Two types of sensory memory
Auditory
Visual
Auditory (ethoic)
Form of sensory memory for sounds that have just been perceived
Visual (iconic)
Form of sensory memory that holds a brief visual image of a scene that has just been perceived
Maintenance rehearsal
Role of repetition of the information; repeating a given item over and over again
Photological short term memory
Short term memory for verbal information
Primacy effect
Tendency to remember earlier information in a series of information
Recency effect
Tendency to recall later information in a series of information
Serial position curve
Plots memorability as a function of position in the list
N-back task
Task in which items are presented one at a time and participants must identify each item that represents relative to the item that occured
Types of Long-Term Memory
Explicit
Implicit
Explicit
Memory that can be fully described verbally and of which a person is consciously aware
Implicit
Memory that cannot be fully described verbally, and which a person may be completely or partially unaware of
Procedural memory
Type of long term memory that involves execution of well learned skills
Episodic memory
Type of long term memory that serves as a record of our life’s experiences
Semantic memory
Type of long term memory that contains data, facts and other information
Anterograde amnesia
Disorder caused by brain damage that disrupts a person’s ability to form new long term memories after the time of brain damage
Declarative memory
Conscious forms of memory, such as retrieving memory for facts and events
Retrograde amnesia
Disorder caused by brain damage that disrupts a person’s ability to remember events that occurred before the time of damage
Retrieval cue
Contextual variable that improves ability to recall information from memory
Savings
The reduction in time needed to previously learned items
Contextual dependance
You recall information better if your state of physical environment at the time of recall matches as closely as possible your state at the time of encoding
Transcience
Loss of information from memory with passage of time
Forgetting curve
Relates the amount of information recalled to the time that has elapsed since the study
Memory misattribution
When a memory is assigned to the wrong source
Destination memory
Recalling to whom you have given information
Flashbulb memory
A memory established by events that are highly emotional and personally of consequence
