Week 12

Question 1

Semanticity

Answer 1

The extent to which a language can use symbols to transmit meaningful messages. Low semanticity: transmite meaningful messages but has limited selection. High semanticity: Can transmit meaningful messages in a specific and various ways

Question 2

Generatively:

Answer 2

The ability to combine words or symbols of a language using rule of composition and syntax to communicate an almost infinite variety of ideas using a relatively small vocabulary

Question 3

Displacement

Answer 3

Refers to the ability to use language to convey messages that are not tied to the immediate context but instead communicate information about events in the past/future/or at some other location

Question 4

Psycholinguistics

Answer 4

A branch of cognitive psychology devoted to the study of the acquisition, comprehension and production of language

Question 5

Phonology

Answer 5

The rules that govern the patterns of sounds that are used in a language

Question 6

Phonemes

Answer 6

Basic distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another

Question 7

Morphemes

Answer 7

The smallest units of meaning within a word

Question 8

Syntax/Syntactical Rules

Answer 8

Grammatical rules of a particular language for combining words to form phrases/clauses/sentences

Question 9

Pragmatics

Answer 9

The social rules of language that allow people to use language appropriately for different purposes and in different situations

Question 10

How comprehension works:

Answer 10

RIAI
Recognize
Identify
Analyse
Interpret

Question 11

Prosody

Answer 11

Rhythm, stress, intonation, speech

Question 12

Articulators

Answer 12

Mouth structures that make speech sounds (jaw/tongue)

Question 13

Mondegreen

Answer 13

A ward or phrase that results from mishearing something said or sung

Question 14

Coarticulation

Answer 14

Speech sounds for words are not produced in a discrete sequence. Instead, the articulators are shaping multiple sounds at any moment in time, so that different instances of a particular phoneme are acoustically different, depending on the sounds preceding and following them

Question 15

Categorical perception

Answer 15

The tendency of perceivers to disregard physical difference between stimuli and perceive them as the same such that a continuous change in a physical attribute is perceived not as continuous but as a discrete change at a category boundary

Question 16

Infant direct talk

Answer 16

Exaggerated expressive verbal and nonverbal communication used with infants

Question 17

Overextend

Answer 17

Generalize known words to a variety of contexts then is appropriate for those words

Question 18

Underextend

Answer 18

Limit context for generalized words to a certain specific meaning

Question 19

Vocabulary splurt

Answer 19

Period of strong language growth in children in which they are able to learn and use a large # of words

Question 20

Telegraphic speech

Answer 20

Speech that sounds like a telegram, with only essential words, has words arranged in an order that makes sense and contains almost all nouns and verbs strung together in pairs

Question 21

Nativism

Answer 21

The philosophical view that we are born with knowledge already present

Question 22

Interactionist

Answer 22

A person who believes that language development results from interaction among multiple biological and social influences

Question 23

Convergent evolution

Answer 23

The acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated images

Question 24

Subsongs

Answer 24

Unstructured, often rambling vocalization at low intensity heard mainly in young birds