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PSYC 100 > Week 14 > Flashcards

Week 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Geminal period

A

First 2 weeks after sperm and egg unite

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2
Q

Gamete

A

A mature male or female cell used for reproduction

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3
Q

Haploid

A

Having one set of chromosomes instead of the usual complement of 2

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4
Q

Zygote

A

A single new cell formed at conception

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5
Q

Diploid

A

A cell containing both sets of chromosomes

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6
Q

Cleavage

A

Division of cells in the early embryo to form blastomeres

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7
Q

Morula

A

A solid mass of blastomeres resulting from a # of cleavages in a zygote

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8
Q

Epigenetic modification

A

Process/reasoning for differences in cells in our bodies. Doesn’t remove or add cells, but it means some genes are turned off and others turned on

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9
Q

Stem cells

A

Undifferentiated cells that divide and produce any one of a variety of cells

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10
Q

Blastocyst

A

The stage a fertilized egg reaches after 5-6 days after conception

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11
Q

Inner cell mass

A

The mass of cells inside the morula that will eventually form the embryo

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12
Q

Trophoblast

A

The cells that form the outer layer of blastocyst

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13
Q

Embryo

A

The cell development stage proceeding the fertus

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14
Q

Layers of cells

A

Endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm

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15
Q

Endoderm

A

The inner most layer of tissue of the 3 primary germ cell layers of the embryo. Eventually develops into the digestive system, urinary system and lungs

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16
Q

Mesoderm

A

The middle layer of the embryo. Transforms into muscle, bone, and the circulatory system.

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17
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outer layer of the embryo, develops into skin, hair, teeth, and the central nervous system.

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18
Q

Embryonic period

A

Begins after the blastocyst implants into the uterine wall

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19
Q

Embryonic stages

A

Trophoblast layer transforms into 2 parts. Developing embryo residing in amniotic sac is the first
Placenta attaches to the inside of the amniotic sac and the umbilical cord of the embryo. Placenta blocks the transfer of many harmful chemicals

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20
Q

Neural tube

A

The embryo’s precursor to the central nervous system. Develops into the brain and spinal cord via neuralation

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21
Q

Neuralation

A

The formation of the embryonic nervous system which will develop into the brain and central nervous system

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22
Q

Neurogenesis

A

The process by which neurons are generated.

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23
Q

Neural migration

A

The process through which neurons move/grow/connect as the basic neural tube develops into a more mature brain

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24
Q

Embryonic development

A

Cephalocaudal

Proximodistal

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25
Q

Cephalocaudal

A

The pattern of embryonic development in which development occurs most intensely at the head and proceeds downward through the body

26
Q

Proximodistal

A

The pattern of embryonic development proceeding from the centre of the organism outward

27
Q

Apoptosis

A

The genetically programmed process of cell death as part of normal development or the normal functioning of cells and organs

28
Q

Foetal Period

A

9 week - weights 30g 4cm long
3 months - majority of organ growth is complete. begins breathing like motions
End of 4th month - sleep and wake patterns. can move
5th month - vestibular system begins to develop, can recognize mothers voice
6th month - could survive birth. growth of inhibitory neural pathways throughout the body
7-9 months - experiences taste. growing lots.

29
Q

Teratogens

A

External compounds that can cause extreme deviations from typical development if introduced to the developing organism.

30
Q

Rooting reflex

A

When infants feel something on their cheek they turn their head and open their mouth

31
Q

Sucking reflex

A

If something enters the infants mouth when it’s open they will suck on it

32
Q

Babinski

A

Stroke underside of infants foot and they will fan and curl their toes

33
Q

Tonic Neck

A

Turn head to one side, extend arm on same side as gaze, flex arm and knee on opposite side

34
Q

Stepping

A

When held upright over a flat surface, infants move their feet in a walk-like fashion, demonstrating a stepping reflex

35
Q

Moro

A

Throw out arms and gasp as if they feel themselves dropping unexpectedly

36
Q

Eyeblink

A

Present from birth - death. protects eyes

37
Q

Grasping reflex

A

Birth - 3 months. Grab anything that presses against their palms

38
Q

Motor milestone

A

Specific ages that children develop certain motor milestones

39
Q

Synapses

A

Junction between the terminal button of one neuron and the membrane of muscle fibre, a gland, or another neuron

40
Q

Synaptogenesis

A

The process through which new synapses are formed between neurons

41
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

Facilitates a change in neural structure by reducing the overall # of synapses, leaving more efficient synaptic configurations. Occurs throughout life.

42
Q

Experience-Dependent Plasticity

A

The ability of the nervous system to wire and rewire itself in response to lasting changes in experience

43
Q

Experience-Expected Plasticity

A

Development that will not happen unless a particular experience occurs during its critical period.

44
Q

Stabismus

A

Lack of coordination between the eyes

45
Q

Amblyopia

A

The loss or lack of development of central vision in one eye that is unrelated to any eye health problem and is not correctable with lenses

46
Q

Brofenbrenners Model

A 
Microsystem
Mesosystem
Exosystem
Exosystem
Macrosystem
Chronosystem
47
Q

Microsystem

A

Consists of you and your relationships with those in your immediate surroundings (family/teachers)

48
Q

Mesosystem

A

Is made up of connections between different relationships you have within your microsystem

49
Q

Exosystem

A

Refers to those settings that you might not directly experience but remain influenced by

50
Q

Macrosystem

A

Refers to the larger social constructs that shape your environment in less-direct ways

51
Q

Chronosystem

A

Encompasses those historical changes that influence development and those stages

52
Q

Social learning theory

A

View of psychologists who emphasize behaviour, environment and cognition as they key factors in development

53
Q

Reciprocal determinism

A

A person’s behaviour is both influenced by and influences his/her attitudes and behaviours and the environment

54
Q

Perceived self efficiacy

A

Individual’s perception of his/her ability to master a situation and produce favourable outcomes

55
Q

Myelination

A

The development of myelin sheath around the axons of neurons. This sheath insulates neurons from each other and increases the speed at which neurons transmit information. Also used to determind the relative maturity of different areas of the brain

56
Q

Executive functioning

A

Functions involved in goal-oriented behaviour, planning and problem solving

57
Q

Menarche

A

The first menstrual cycle

58
Q

Spermarche

A

Sign of sexual maturity in boys marked by the production of viable sperm and first ejaculation

59
Q

Menopause

A

The permanent end of menstruation and a women’s fertility

60
Q

Erikson’s Stages of lifestyle

A

8 stages. Development tasks across your entire life which can go good/bad

61
Q

Moratorium

A

Exploring options, crisis unresolved

62
Q

Framework

A

Not possible to test/disprove

PSYC 100 (20 decks)

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