Week 10

Question 1

Compressed

Answer 1

Regions of high air pressure

Question 2

Rarefied

Answer 2

Regions of low air pressure

Question 3

Intensity

Answer 3

Power proportional to the square of the amplitude of sound pressure over the sound wave (Measured in Watts)

Question 4

Frequency

Answer 4

The # of peaks per second (inverse of wave length)

Question 5

Spectrum

Answer 5

A graph showing the different component frequencies in a sound

Question 6

Periods

Answer 6

The amount of time required for one angle of a sound wave to pass a particular point

Question 7

Pitch

Answer 7

The psychological property corresponding to frequency; the property that allows sounds to be ordered on a musical scale

Question 8

Sine wave

Answer 8

A waveform with a single frequency; a smooth, regular oscillation between peaks

Question 9

Timbre

Answer 9

Perceptual dimension of sound determined by its complexity allows us to distinguish different qualities of instruments playing the same note

Question 10

Outer hair cells

Answer 10

Act as little motors that detect movement in the basilar membrane

Question 11

Frequency resolution

Answer 11

Ability to hear 2 frequencies that are very close to each other as different sounds

Question 12

Cochlear implant

Answer 12

Electronic device that can provide a sense of sound to someone that is profoundly hard of hearing. Includes a microphone and a processor

Question 13

How the brain interprets frequencies

Answer 13

Place code
tonotopic organziation
temporal code

Question 14

Place code

Answer 14

Brain knows which pitch has been heard based on the location of the nerve fibres that are stimulated

Question 15

Tonotopic organization

Answer 15

Anatomical separation of frequencies in the ear

Question 16

Temporal code

Answer 16

Everytime there is a compression in the sound wave, the hair cell depolarizes and an action potential is created

Question 17

Volley principle

Answer 17

An auditory nerve as a whole produces volleys of impulses for sounds up to about 5 000 per second, even know no individual axon can fire that fast

Question 18

Harmonics

Answer 18

Series of tones whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency

Question 19

Pattern recognition

Answer 19

Identification of a particular sound sources by the auditory system, largely through timbre

Question 20

3 Ways our ears recognize sound

Answer 20

1. Sounds coming into our ears bounce of pinna. Bounding systematically changes the timbre
2. Timing: Sounds coming from one side of the head will arrive at both ears at different times
3. Sounds that are further away will be less intense

Question 21

Olfactory mucosa

Answer 21

Mucosa membrane lining the top of the nasal sinuses that contain the olfactory receptors

Question 22

Olfactory bulbs

Answer 22

Stalk-like structures located on the underside of the frontal loves that contain neural circuits that preform the first analysis of olfactory information

Question 23

How gustation works

Answer 23

Signals go from tongue and mouth to brainstem and thalamus

Question 24

How olfactory works

Answer 24

Information travels from the bulbs along the olfactory nerve, directly to the underside of the frontal cortex, where the primary olfactory cortex is

Question 25

Pheromones

Answer 25

Chemical substance released by an animal that serves to influence the physiology or behaviour of other members of the same species

Question 26

Umami

Answer 26

A set of receptor cells that respond maximally to an amino acid found in cheese/wine/fish/other savoury foods

Question 27

Homunculus

Answer 27

Used to refer to the somatotopic map of the body in the brain

Question 28

Somatotopic representation

Answer 28

The spatid organization of body parts is maintained in the brain, such that each part is represented next to the adjacent areas

Question 29

Thermoreceptors

Answer 29

Nerve endings sensitive to stimulation by hear, they help regulate our body temperature

Question 30

3 types of peripheral receptors

Answer 30

Extreme pressure
Extreme hot and cold
Tissue damage

Question 31

Vestibular senses

Answer 31

Detect a change in movement and also the force of gravity, change in acceleration/veloctity etc

Question 32

Vestibule

Answer 32

Bony chambers attached to the cochlea

Question 33

Semicircular canals

Answer 33

Set of 3 organ in the inner ear that respond to rotational movements of the head