Week 10 Flashcards

1
Q

Compressed

A

Regions of high air pressure

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2
Q

Rarefied

A

Regions of low air pressure

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3
Q

Intensity

A

Power proportional to the square of the amplitude of sound pressure over the sound wave (Measured in Watts)

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4
Q

Frequency

A

The # of peaks per second (inverse of wave length)

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5
Q

Spectrum

A

A graph showing the different component frequencies in a sound

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6
Q

Periods

A

The amount of time required for one angle of a sound wave to pass a particular point

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7
Q

Pitch

A

The psychological property corresponding to frequency; the property that allows sounds to be ordered on a musical scale

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8
Q

Sine wave

A

A waveform with a single frequency; a smooth, regular oscillation between peaks

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9
Q

Timbre

A

Perceptual dimension of sound determined by its complexity allows us to distinguish different qualities of instruments playing the same note

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10
Q

Outer hair cells

A

Act as little motors that detect movement in the basilar membrane

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11
Q

Frequency resolution

A

Ability to hear 2 frequencies that are very close to each other as different sounds

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12
Q

Cochlear implant

A

Electronic device that can provide a sense of sound to someone that is profoundly hard of hearing. Includes a microphone and a processor

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13
Q

How the brain interprets frequencies

A

Place code
tonotopic organziation
temporal code

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14
Q

Place code

A

Brain knows which pitch has been heard based on the location of the nerve fibres that are stimulated

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15
Q

Tonotopic organization

A

Anatomical separation of frequencies in the ear

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16
Q

Temporal code

A

Everytime there is a compression in the sound wave, the hair cell depolarizes and an action potential is created

17
Q

Volley principle

A

An auditory nerve as a whole produces volleys of impulses for sounds up to about 5 000 per second, even know no individual axon can fire that fast

18
Q

Harmonics

A

Series of tones whose frequency is a multiple of the fundamental frequency

19
Q

Pattern recognition

A

Identification of a particular sound sources by the auditory system, largely through timbre

20
Q

3 Ways our ears recognize sound

A
  1. Sounds coming into our ears bounce of pinna. Bounding systematically changes the timbre
  2. Timing: Sounds coming from one side of the head will arrive at both ears at different times
  3. Sounds that are further away will be less intense
21
Q

Olfactory mucosa

A

Mucosa membrane lining the top of the nasal sinuses that contain the olfactory receptors

22
Q

Olfactory bulbs

A

Stalk-like structures located on the underside of the frontal loves that contain neural circuits that preform the first analysis of olfactory information

23
Q

How gustation works

A

Signals go from tongue and mouth to brainstem and thalamus

24
Q

How olfactory works

A

Information travels from the bulbs along the olfactory nerve, directly to the underside of the frontal cortex, where the primary olfactory cortex is

25
Pheromones
Chemical substance released by an animal that serves to influence the physiology or behaviour of other members of the same species
26
Umami
A set of receptor cells that respond maximally to an amino acid found in cheese/wine/fish/other savoury foods
27
Homunculus
Used to refer to the somatotopic map of the body in the brain
28
Somatotopic representation
The spatid organization of body parts is maintained in the brain, such that each part is represented next to the adjacent areas
29
Thermoreceptors
Nerve endings sensitive to stimulation by hear, they help regulate our body temperature
30
3 types of peripheral receptors
Extreme pressure Extreme hot and cold Tissue damage
31
Vestibular senses
Detect a change in movement and also the force of gravity, change in acceleration/veloctity etc
32
Vestibule
Bony chambers attached to the cochlea
33
Semicircular canals
Set of 3 organ in the inner ear that respond to rotational movements of the head