Week 13

Question 1

Polygenic

Answer 1

A trait that is influenced by more than one pair of genes

Question 2

Epigenetics

Answer 2

The study of heritable changes that occur without a change in the DNA sequences

Question 3

Differential Approach

Answer 3

An approach in psychology devoted to tests and measures of individual differences in various psychological properties, including peoples abilities to solve problems

Question 4

Factor Analysis

Answer 4

Statistical analysis that examines all of the correlations between all of the items and determines if any of them are highly correlated with each other
(Looks at a group of variables and looks for the underlying structure of dimensions they share)

Question 5

Spearman vs Galton

Answer 5

S - Correlating different intelligence tests

G - Trying to correlate more general descriptions of intelligence with physical features

Question 6

Intelligence quotient

Answer 6

A # used to express the intelligence of a person that is calculated using the ratio of the mental age as reported on a standardized test to the chronological age then multiplied by 100

Question 7

Deviation IQ

Answer 7

A procedure for computing the intelligence quotient; compares an individuals score with those received by other individuals of the same chronological age

Question 8

Developing an Intelligence Test

Answer 8

NSRV
Norming
Standardization
Reliability
Validity

Question 9

Norming

Answer 9

Process of gathering data concerning comparison groups that permit an individual’s score to be assessed relative to his/her peers

Question 10

Standardization

Answer 10

Determining typical performance of a test

Question 11

Reliability

Answer 11

A characteristic of a measure that provides consistent and stable answers across multiple observations and points in time

Question 12

Validity

Answer 12

The degree to which the instrument or procedure actually measure what it claims to measure

Question 13

Cortical Network Level Attributes

Answer 13

1. Efficient use of neural resources
2. High synchronization between cortical centre’s
3. Adaption of cortical networks in the face of changing demands

Question 14

Elements of Intelligence

Answer 14

1. Individuals w/ higher cognitive abilities to show more efficient neural processing and thus lower levels of activation in areas of the train used to preform a certain task
2. Individuals with higher skill levels show a greater degree of synchronization between cortical regions than do individuals w/ lower skill levels. Also, synchronization in an individual increases with learning
3. Individuals w/ higher cognitive abilities show greater neural adaption when faced with changing demands compared to individuals w/ lower intellectual abilities

Question 15

Gene-Environment Covariation

Answer 15

When exposure to environmental conditions is correlated w/ a persons genes

Question 16

Cognitive heuristics

Answer 16

Mental shortcuts based on experience

Question 17

Availability heuristic

Answer 17

The tendency to estimate how frequently something occurs based on the ease with which examples come to mind

Question 18

Base Rate Fallacy

Answer 18

The tendency to ignore general information about the frequency of events in favour of specific salient information such that rare events are overestimated

Question 19

False consensus effect

Answer 19

The tendency for a person to overestimate that # of people who share their beliefs and behaviours

Question 20

Conjunction fallacy

Answer 20

Belief that multiple specific conditions are more likely than a single general one

Question 21

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 21

Tendency to ignore base rates and judge the frequency or likelihood of an even by the extent to which is resembles the typical case

Question 22

Anchoring

Answer 22

A bias produced when a reference or starting point is provided for a judgement

Question 23

Framing effect

Answer 23

The effect of wording on judgement and decision making

Question 24

Sunk Cost Fallacy

Answer 24

The framing effect that occurs when individuals decisions/judgements are based on past investments they have made

Question 25

Conformation Bias

Answer 25

The process by which people interpret/seek and create information that confirms already held beliefs

Question 26

Priming Account

Answer 26

The process by which different moods activate different information