Week 16

Question 1

Inductive discipline

Answer 1

Guiding behaviours, introducing appropriate limits and setting up reasonable consequences while also explaining why

Question 2

Authoritative

Answer 2

Unlikely to use physical discipline and will explain the rules they lay out. Reason with their children and hearing their arguments but not always giving into them

Question 3

Authoritarian

Answer 3

Parents tend to discipline using threats and punishment and are more likely to use physical discipline. Expect children to follow rules without explanation

Question 4

Permissive

Answer 4

Parents believe children will learn best on their own, without structure imposed on them by adults. They allow children a great deal of freedom in regulating their own lives

Question 5

Rejectful-neglectful

Answer 5

Parents do not set limits for their children, do not monitor their activity and may actively discourage them

Question 6

Imprinting

Answer 6

A rapid form of learning, typically occurring in restricted time window after birth, that allows an animal to recognize another animal/person/thing as an object to be emulated and followed

Question 7

Attachment Bond stages

Answer 7

1. Pre-attachment: Birth - 6 weeks. Reliant on the caregiver
2. Attachment-in-the-making: 6 weeks-8 months. At this time infants form expectations for their parent/child relationship
3. Clear-cut attachment: 6/8 moths-18 months. Infants seek comfort from their caregivers
4. Reciprocal Relationship Phase: Begins at 18/24 months and is the final phase as children grow more mobile and

Question 8

Contact comfort

Answer 8

The comfort that primate babies derive from close physical contact with something soft and warm

Question 9

Different styles of attachment

Answer 9

Severely attached
Disorganized/disorientated
Insecure resistant
Insecure avoidant

Question 10

Temperament

Answer 10

Each infants individual patterns of behaviours and emotional reactions

Question 11

Rhythmicity

Answer 11

Predictability of infants biological rhythms such as eating and sleeping

Question 12

Threshold of Responsiveness

Answer 12

Intensity required from a stimulus to elicit a response from the infant

Question 13

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 13

The condition in which 2 binary sexes of the same species exhibit different characteristics beyond the differences in their reproductive organs/genital

Question 14

Emotional dimorphism

Answer 14

2 binary sexes display different emotional characteristics. Girls have more intimate friendships etc

Question 15

Discrete emotions therapy

Answer 15

Proposes that only a few distinct emotions are biologically based. Since we all biologically have the same sets of emotions, we tend to react in similar ways

Question 16

Criteria of a basic emotion

Answer 16

Universal within species
Facilitates a function response to a specific, prototypical life event
Evident early in life
Should have its own physiological basis

Question 17

Functional emotions

Answer 17

Evoked with reference to the developing person’s goals and concerns. Therefore these changes undergo development. (embarrassed/shame)

Question 18

Emotional self regulation

Answer 18

A process that involves the initiation, suprression or modulation of the 4 components of emotion: feelings/physiological states/goals and thoughts

Question 19

Effortful control

Answer 19

The ability to regulate one’s responses to external stimuli, it is the ability to inhibit an automatic response and substitute a planned or intentional response instead

Question 20

Homophily

Answer 20

The tendency to choose to associate with those who are similar to us in some way