Week 7: HTN Flashcards
Systolic BP
Max pressure in the heart
Diastolic BP
Minimum pressure in the heart
Normal BP for person at rest
100-140/ 60-90
HTN stage 1
Systolic BP is 140-159
Diastolic BP is 90-99
HTN stage 2 values
Systolic > or = to 160
Diastolic > or = to 100
Non modifiable risk factors
Family hx
Aging- 60+ and postmenopausal women
Race/ gender- African Americans higher risk
Modifiable risk factors
DM
Excess dietary na+, alcohol, and stress
Obesity/ sedentary lifestyle
Smoking
Other risk factors of Htn include i_____ and dysfunction of the S___ and R____ causing vasoconstriction, and sodium and water retention leading to increased p___ r___, increased blood volume and sustained HTN
Inflamation
SNS
RAAS
Peripheral resistance
HTN is a major risk factor for S___, a___ of arteries, p___ a___ d___ and chronic kidney disease
Stroke
Aneurisms
Peripheral vascular disease
HTN puts a strain on the ____ leading to h___ h___ D___ and CAD
Heart
Hypertensive heart disease
Classification
Essential/ primary HTN
Secondary HTN
______ HTN has a high BP with no obvious underlying medical cause. The increased A___ vasoconstriction can lead to damage to the a__ walls
Primary/ essential
Arterial
Arterial
____ HTN is caused by conditions that affect other organs like the kidneys (kidney failure), arteries, heart, endocrine systems
Secondary
Causes of secondary HTN also include
Pheochromocytoma Brain tumor Encephalitis Pregnancy Estrogen Some gluccorticoids
The RAAS system: when BP ____ renin, angiotensin 1, angiotensin 2 and aldosterone play a role in ____ and sodium and water ____ to allow BP to _____
Falls
Vasoconstriction
Retention
Rise
Isolated systolic HTN
Systolic BP at or above 140
** normal diastolic **
I___ s___ HTN is caused by a ___ in a____ compliance as aging occurs
Isolated systolic
Decrease
Aortic
Isolated systolic HTN is caused by ______ coronary blood flow and eventually ____ ventricular hypertrophy, c___ ischemia, and heart failure
Decrease
Left
Coronary
Malignant/ resistant HTN
uncontrollable, severe type of high BP that rapidly progresses with many complications
In malignant HTN ____ BP is extremely high and greater than 150 - 200
Diastolic
Unless interventions occur quickly, the patient with malignant HTN might have k___ ___, L___ ___ ___ or s____
Kidney failure
Left ventricular failure
Stroke
Those with HTN are usually _____, which is why it’s called “the silent killer”
Asymptotic
When advanced, HTN can cause C___ ___ ___ changes, such as headache, fatigue, weakness, new onset b____ _____, confusion, change in m____ __, vomiting and nausea
CNS
Blurred vision
Mental status
A h___ ___ and p___ ___ is needed to diagnose HTN, which will allow assessment of risk factors. Serial blood pressure measurements can be used
Health history and physical exam
Laboratory tests for diagnosising HTN
NONE for diagnosing essential HTN
A l___ ___, to test cholesterol; blood sugar, to test for diabetes; serum c___, b___, u____, will asses kidney function
Lipid panel
Creatine
BUN
Urinanalysis
Treatment of HTN
Lifestyle changes considered foundation in control Decrease dietary intake of sodium Weight loss Decrease alcohol Exercise and stress reduction Anti hypertensive medication
Anti hypertensive drugs include d___, c___ ___ ___, A___ inhibitors and ARBS
Diuretics
Calcium channel blockers
ACE
Goal of treatment for those over age of 60 is BP less than __/___
150/90
Goal of those younger than 60 with HTN is __/__
140/90
For those with chronic kidney disease or diabetes, we want BP to be less than ___/__
140/90.
Hypertension is a chronic, progressive condition in which the ___ ____ in the _____ is ____. There can be ____ damage d/t persistent BP elevation
Blood pressure
Arteries
Elevated
Organ
