Eye Overview Flashcards
Myopia
Near sightedness
Concave lenses
Presbyopia
Associated with aging
Lens is less flexible
Makes reading things close difficult
Strabismus
Lazy eye
Loss of binocular vision
R/t paralysis or weak eye muscles
Can lead to amblyopia if not treated
Amblyopia
- Diminished vision when there is no detectable leasion in the eye
- Occurs when there is one eye that has an issue, the brain is going to block out that side and only process that with the normal view
- can lead to permanent blindness
Diplopia
Binocular vision not lined up so we are seeing 2 of things
Can be permanent or transient
Nystagmus
Involuntary rhythmic oscillation of eye movements that happens when someone focuses on an object but they’re looking way off to the right or left
- two extremes in peripheral vision
- related to semicircular ducts and vestibular system
Ptosis
Sagging or dropping of the UPPER EYELID
Weak lavator muscles
Entropion
Inward turning of the lower lid, eye lashes irritate and rest on the sclera
Ectropion
Lower lid is turned out
Hordeoleum
STYE
Infection of the sebaceous glad of the lid
Internal or external
Chalazaion
Chronic inflammation of the meibomian gland (vertical within eye lid Near lashes)
-chronic condition looks like constant stye
Viral conjunctivitis
PINK EYE
Very contagious, can spread to other eye
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Often from gonorrhea or chlamydia and leads to Purulent drainage, drying and crusting of eye
Can be transmitted via birth canal -> reason for all babies getting eye drops after vaginal birth
Allergic conjunctivitis
Not an infection, not contagious
Lots of itchiness,, redness, drainage
Keratitis
Infection of the cornea
Cause: herpes simplex virus
Ulcer of cornea or erosion of cornea-> scaring-> dysfunction
Glaucoma
Increased intra- ocular pressure which leads to damage of optic nerve
2 types of glaucoma
- Primary open angle glaucoma
2. Acute angle closure
Primary glaucoma
No evidence of any pre- existing ocular conditions
This is the primary condition
Secondary glaucoma
Result from some other inflammatory process of the eye
Possibly some tumor, trauma, bleeding/ hemorrhage
Primary open angle glaucoma
CHRONIC, SLOW CONDITION
Slow process that is going to lead to slow damage of the optic nerve
trabecular network of the eye closes up
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Acute, quick blockage
where drainage occurs in the canal of schlemm is
VERY QUICK and can lead to damage very QUICKLY including blindness if not addressed immediately
CM of primary open angle glaucoma
VERY SLOW, INSIDIOUS process
Some blind spots in peripheries, and progress to center
Medications and drops, if not working then surgery
CM Acute angle glaucoma
Pain in eye
DILATED pupil because of the increased stress
Nausea, headache, blurred vision, RAINBOWS AROUND CERTAIN LIGHTS ESPECIALLY AT NIGHT
EMERGENT SITUATION
Medication then surgery
Cataracts
Issue with lens
Opacity or clouding which is owing to make vision blurry
Those more prone to developing cataracts
an issue with aging for the most part
DM
Smoking
Eye trauma or other disorders of the eye
CM of cataracts
Blurred vision
Darker blurriness over time as more opacity or cloudiness is on the lens
Difficulty driving at night
Treatment of cataracts
Worried about quality of life
Surgery is the ONLY OPTION- replacement of lens
Macular degeneration pathophysiology
Degeneration of the fovea
Where all of our vision signals are coming and being sent through the optic nerve to the brain
Dry MD
Occurs due to fatty lipid deposits called drusen that develop in the area of the macula
Affect blood flow and start to damage and lead to scar tissue formation on the fovea; damage to central part of the Retinal macula
Wet macular degeneration
Issue with microvasculature of the eye
Becomes leaky and blood gets into that area of the eye leading to damage including pulling that optic disk off the back of the eye
Due to mini bleed/ hemorrhaging in the back of the eye
Hyperopia
Far sightedness
Error in refraction
Convex lenses to fix
