Week 6: Respiratory A&P

Question 1

In the ____ ___ there ______ or ____ that serve as out primary line of defense

Answer 1

Upper respiratory
Flora
Bacteria

Question 2

The upper respiratory tract has the ____, ____ and ____ ____.

Answer 2

Nose
Mouth
Laryngeal pharynx

Question 3

The air comes into the ___/ _____ so that it can be warm and moist. The _____ of the upper and lower respiratory tracts help get ____ out, _____ receptors help us sneeze and cough to get bacteria out.

Answer 3

Mouth/ nose
Cilia
Bacteria
Irritant

Question 4

The _____ connects to the oropharynx. The ______ tonsil or the _____ tonsil is the superior most of the tonsils. It is a mass of ___ Tissue situated posterior to the nasal cavity, in the roof of the ____. Also responsible for ____ and are the ___ line of defense

Answer 4

Nasopharynx 
Pharyngeal 
Nasopharyngeal 
Lymphatic 
Nasopharynx 
Filtration 
First

Question 5

The ____ ____ is where air and food pass through. The ____opens and closes to help control the flow of food so that we don’t ______

Answer 5

Laryngeal pharynx
Epiglottis
Aspirate

Question 6

The ____ ____ needs to be kept _____, if we get bacteria in there is leads to an infection process.

Answer 6

Lower respiratory

Sterile

Question 7

The ____ has cartilage rings that help keep the ___ stable, which would collapse due to the massive pressure in the chest if the cartilage rings weren’t there. The ____/___ are branch trees that lead to alveoli. Alveoli are ___ ___, where ___ ___ occurs

Answer 7

Trachea 
Trachea 
Bronchi/ bronchioles 
Air sacs 
Gas exchange

Question 8

The respiratory system serves 2 purposes ____ and ____

Answer 8

Ventilation and diffusion

Question 9

___ is breathing in and out, getting ___ in and ___ out

Answer 9

Ventilation

Question 10

_____ is getting that ____ into the blood in order for metabolism to occur and ____ out. This occurs at the ____

Answer 10

Diffusion
Oxygen
Co2
ACJ (alveolar capillary junction)

Question 11

Inspiration involves ____ ___ using the intercostal muscles, ___ and ____ muscles. When we inhale we create an area of __ pressure inside the ____ higher than the ___ pressure so that air is going to move towards the ____

Answer 11

Chest expansion
Diaphragm 
Sternocleidomastoid 
Negative 
Lungs 
Atmospheric 
Lungs

Question 12

Ventilation is controlled by __ law. Air will go from an area of ___ pressure to an area of ___ pressure

Answer 12

Boyles
Higher
Lower

Question 13

In expiration the ___ and ____ muscles relax. This puts pressure on the ____ ____ and once that pressure gets ____ enough to the pressure _____ our chest cavity will be ___ than the pressure in the _____

Answer 13

Diaphragm and intercostal 
Chest cavity
Large 
Chest cavity 
Greater 
Atmosphere

Question 14

Tidal volume

Answer 14

Amount of air exchanged with our normal inspiration and expiration. Normal breath in and out at rest

Question 15

Residual volume

Answer 15

Is what’s left in the lungs after have have exhaled as much as we possibly can. We can’t get every bit out because that will cause our alveoli to collapse

Question 16

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 16

Difference between tidal volume and residual volume. How much air we can push out after we’ve done our normal respiration

Question 17

Inspiratory capacity

Answer 17

How much air we can take in after Normal exhalation with a full breath, just trying to breathe in as much as we can

Question 18

Inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 18

Difference between inspiratory capacity and tidal volume. It’s how much we can take in after a normal breath

Question 19

Vital capacity

Answer 19

Max amount of air that we can normally move in and out of our lungs with a forced inspiration and expiration. Breathing in as much as we possibly can and out as much as we possibly can

Also called FVC

Tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume+ inspiratory reserve volume

Question 20

Total lung capacity

Answer 20

FVC and FEV1 are used in pulmonary function tests to help determine how well someone is breathing

Question 21

Forced expiratory volume in one second- FEV1

Answer 21

Done to test pulmonary function.

After taking max inhalation person blows out as hard as they can until they can’t anymore. They will get a measure after 1 second

Question 22

Ventilation is controlled by _____. The primary control mechanisms are located in the ____ and ____ of the brain stem. _____ detect changes in CO2, H+ ions, 02 or cerebrospinal fluids. Some are located in the ____ ____ in the ____ arteries or near there

Answer 22

Chemoreceptors 
Pons 
Medulla 
Chemoreceptors 
Carotid body 
Carotid

Question 23

___ is an increase of CO2 in the body. co2 diffuses easily into _____ and ____ the pH which stimulates the respiratory center in the ____ which leads to _____ rate of breathing (_______)which gets rid of co2 from the body

Answer 23

Hypercapnea 
Cerebrospinal 
Lowers 
Medulla 
Increased 
Hyperventilation

Question 24

The anatomy of the respiratory system can be divided up into the ____ ___ ___ and the ____ ____ ____; the two are separated by the _____ ______

Answer 24

Upper respiratory tract
Lower respiratory tract
Laryngeal pharynx

Question 25

___ patients have chemoreceptors that are used to chronically high levels of ___, so the body will become insensitive to high ____. When CO2 increases, O2 levels only _____ slightly, and there will be no changes in _____

Answer 25

copd 
co2 
co2
decrease 
respirations

Question 26

why can’t you give a COPD patient a lot of o2?

Answer 26

their body depends on the low levels of O2 in the body to increase respirations. If the levels of oxygen in their body are elevated, their body will think “ok great we have enough oxygen so we don’t need to increase our respirations to take in more oxygen,” and if they don’t increase their respirations, their body won’t be getting in oxygen and won’t be getting rid of CO2 either. This will then lead to acid base imbalances.

Question 27

____ is produced as a byproduct that goes through the bloodstream, and it needs to escape the body, which it does through the ____

Answer 27

co2

lungs

Question 28

___ ____differences in atmosphere and in blood of CO2 and O2.

Answer 28

partial pressure

Question 29

When we have ___ blood coming in, our pressure of oxygen is 40 and the pressure of CO2 is 45. This large pressure gradient allows ___ to be pulled into blood and ___ to be released into alveoli.

Answer 29

venous
oxygen
co2

Question 30

When we bring that ____ air in from the atmosphere, partial pressure of oxygen is pretty high (it is around 160 mm Hg), and CO2 partial pressure is pretty low (around 0.3 mm Hg)

Answer 30

inspired

Question 31

___ air has a little less oxygen (120 mm Hg) and much more CO2 (27 mm Hg) than____ air.

Answer 31

expired

inspired

Question 32

___ is going to the alveoli to breathed out. ____ breathed in will from the alveoli to the ____

Answer 32

co2
oxygen
RBCs

Question 33

diffusion depends on ___ law, which thats that movement is based on ___ gradients, the partial __ of ___ and ____

Answer 33

dalton's 
pressure 
pressure 
co2 
o2

Question 34

inflammed ___ and ___ membranes will effect diffusion

Answer 34

aveolar

capillary

Question 35

if there is damage to reduce the _____ ____ ____ available there will be less ____

Answer 35

total surface area

diffusion

Question 36

ventilation perfusion ratio

Answer 36

Usually somewhere between .9-1.
If we have something blocking blood flow, such as PE preventing blood flow to the lungs, then we’re going to effect perfusion and how well we can oxygenate the body and get rid of CO2.

Question 37

most ___ in the body is reversibly bound to ____. when bound its called _____

Answer 37

oxygen
hemoglobin
oxyhemoglobin

Question 38

Binding/release of oxygen to hemoglobin depends on ___ and___, ___, ____, and ___

Answer 38

po2 
pco2
temperature 
plasma 
ph

Question 39

co2 is a waste product of __ ____. about 20% is bound to ___ and its returning to the ____. most diffuses into ____

Answer 39

cell metabolism
hemoglobin
lungs
RBCs