Week 6: PE Flashcards
If there is a ____ ___ embolism that is _____, it may not be noticeable; it may cause ____ in a very small area of tissue
Single
Small
Silent
Infarction
If there are multiple ___ ones, they may take up enough __ ___ to cause as much damage as a ___ one that is _____ circulation; person may have some _____ of a PE
Smaller Surface area Bigger Blocking Manifestations
A very large PE (causing decreased ____)can cause ____ ___ if it blocks off a very large p____ ______ or _____ blocking ____ circulation
CO Sudden death Pulmonary artery Branch Pulmonary
DVT ____ return of ___ through the ____ system and back to the ___. Blood will then ___ ___ toward the ____ ____ and be forced into tissue, leading to ___. This is seen in ____ _____
Limits Blood Venous Heart Back up Capillary bed Edema Lower extremities
Vichow’s triad are the three things that can lead to ___. they are ____ ____, ______ and ________ ______
DVT
Circulatory stasis
Hypercoagulability
Endothelial injury
Most ___ originate in the ___ as ___ ___ ____ and eventually break off from the ___ ___ ___ and go through the ____ side of the heart then into the _____ circulation
PE Leg Deep vein thrombosis Deep vein thrombosis Right Pulmonary
If someone is not having movement of blood and it begins to ___ in the ___ ___ then they will have___. Where blood sits, it tends to ___
Pool
Lower extremities
Circulatory stasis
Clot
___ ___ can lead to stasis inside of the heart itself
Atrial fibrillation
____ and ___ can lead to circulatory stasis either because of the ____ ____, ____ _ ____, or ______. When we walk we use the ___ ___ that helps bring blood back to the ___ from the ____ ____. If we are not using the ____ ____ we are allowing the blood to _____
Trauma Surgery Inflammatory process Bleeding of tissue Hemorrhaging Muscular pump Heart Lower extremities Lower extremities Pool
_________ is venous insufficiency. If there is an ___ of those veins like a ___ then that will lead to ____ as well. When ____ ____ is combined with ___, we’re going to clot much easier. The use of ____ ____ may cause _____
Hyper-coagulability Obstruction Tumor Pooling Circulatory stasis Hyper-coagulability Oral contraceptives Hyper-coagulability
____ is sticking or causing injury like when we’re are drawing blood or giving someone an IV were purposely causing injury. Anyone with ___ build up will also cause injury.
Endothelial injury
Plaque
One the ____ forms it’s going to break off and go into ___ _____ and that will block off and lead to v______, ____ ____ ____, an _____ response,and _____ _____
DVT Coronary circulation Vasoconstriction Decreased surfactant production Inflammatory Pulmonary edema
General manifestations include d____, ____ ___, Decreased __ _____, decreased ___and eventually hypotension and ___ if we are losing that ______. Here there is a ____ ventilation/ perfusion ratio. We are shrinking our ____ which is the ____, making a much ____ ratio
Dyspnea Chest pain O2 saturation CO Shock Perfusion High Perfusion Denominator Larger
Severity of Clinical manifestations depends on how ____ the blockage is. The patient will also experience h___, s___, l___, f____, weak ____, and ____ heart beat. There might be ____ lung sounds, in the lower area of the lungs, ___ or ____ lung sounds may also be heard
Severe Hyperventilation Sweating Lightheadedness, Fainting Pulse Irregular Diminished Clear Wheezing
_____ ___ cause increased chest pain may lead to ___, and sudden_____. Later, there might be some coughed up ____ and massive ___ response leading to _______
Large emboli Coughing Dyspnea Blood Systemic Fever
The ___ from large emboli causes _____, _____, ______,______
Hypoxia Anxiety Restlessness Pallor Tachycardia
Massive emboli causes severe ___ chest pain with low ___, a ___ and ___ pulse, and _____. A massive emboli is a _____ ____. A ____ can be suspected if patient is panicked, feels like they are going to die, or that something is wrong
Crushing BP Weak Rapid LOC Medical emergency PE
To diagnose a PE a _____ and ____ exam can be done. A ____ blood test can be done. If ____ levels are not _____ then the odds of having a PE are none.
History Physical D-dimer D- dumber Elevated
Imaging techniques include a ____ ____, which is the gold standard for viewing pulmonary occlusions. ___ and ___ scans can be done
Pulmonary angiography
CT
V/Q
___ is the best treatment for PE. Health teaching prior to _____- make sure people are ambulating to prevent formation. _______ can be used for those with ____ ____, chronic ___ in the lower extremities and _____. e____ will also prevent thrombosis formation.
Prevention Surgery Anti- embolic Heart failure Edema Diabetes Exercise
Use of ______ drugs, _____ therapy and a______ can also be used as treatment.
Anticoagulant
Oxygen
Anesthesia
Surgical interventions include placing a ______ ____ ____ ____ into the ____ ____ ____ to catch any clots that would come up from a ____ and when it hits the filter, it sticks there and slowly ____ as the blood is passing by
Inferior vena cava filter
Inferior vena cava
DVT
Dissolves
Another surgical intervention is a ____ _____ removing any clots, clearing the embolism and pulling them out
Pulmonary thrombectomy
