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Sequence 1 > Week 7: CHF > Flashcards

Week 7: CHF Flashcards

1
Q

CHF is a major cause of d___ and d___ after ____ due to non- adherence to the treatment plan and recommended ____ changes

A

Disability
Death
MI
Lifestyle

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2
Q

Heart failure is common among __ ____ due use of certain ___. For example long term use of ______ for arthritis and other chronic pain can cause ____ and _____ retention. There may also be p____ _____ and increase the toxicity of ______ and A_____ ______.

A 
Older adults
Drugs 
NSAIDs 
Fluid 
Sodium 
Peripheral vasoconstriction 
Diuretics 
ACE inhibitors
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3
Q

The medication actos for ____ may cause ___ and ___ retention

A

Diabetics
Fluid
Sodium

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4
Q

Primary risk factors for CHF

A

CAD

Advancing age

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5
Q

Contributing risk factors

A 
HTN 
DM
Smoking 
Obesity 
High serum cholesterol
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6
Q

Heart failure is usually a complication of another ________ condition. When the heart is diseased it cannot adequately ___ enough ____ blood to to the rest of the body

A

Cardiopulmonary
Pump
Arterial

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7
Q

____ blood carries oxygen and nutrients to vital organs, when these organs are not adequately _____ they may not function properly

A

Arterial

Perfused

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8
Q

Heart fails to maintain circulation in blood as a result of impaired ___ functioning and/ or excessive _______ _____

A

Cardiac

Workload demands

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9
Q

The heart will use various compensation mechanisms to maintain _____ _____

A

Cardiac output

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10
Q

CHF is characterized by ____ dysfunction, reduced ____ _____, diminished _____ ___ _____, and shortened life expectancy

A

Ventricular
Exercise tolerance
Quality of life

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11
Q

Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot maintain ___ ability. The most common precipitating factor is ____

A

Pumping

MI

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12
Q

In CHF the ___ fails as there is less ____ ____ to eject blood from the ____ ventricle

A

CO
Contractile mass
Left

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13
Q

When ___ and ___ decrease this results in less blood reaching the various organs , decreased ___ ____, f_____, l____, and mild ______

A 
CO 
SV 
Cell function 
Fatigue 
Lethargy 
Acidosis
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14
Q

In response to the decreased CO, the ____ is activated to increase ____ and inducing ____ in an effort to maintain normal ____ and ____ to vital organs

A 
SNS
HR 
Vasoconstriction
Pressure 
Perfusion
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15
Q

Back up and congestion develop as coronary demands of ____ and ___ are not met. This leads to the ____ from the ventricles being less than the ____ of blood. There is also congestion in ___ circulation draining into the affected side of the _____

A 
Oxygen 
Glucose 
Output 
Input
Venous 
Heart
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16
Q

With ____ sided heart failure, the ____ ventricle weakens and cannot empty, this leads to decreased CO to the ____ because there is a decreased renal blood flow, which stimulates the ____ in order to maintain BP

A

Left
Left
Body
RAAS

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17
Q

When the ____ ventricle is not functioning properly, instead of blood going to perfuse the vital organs through the aorta, it backs up into the ____ vein. This will lead to __ congestion or _____

A

Left
Pulmonary
Pulmonary
Edema

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18
Q

With ___ sided heart failure the ___ ventricle weakens and cannot empty leading to decreased ___. Because of the ____ ventricle is not functioning properly blood backs up into the systemic circulation via the ___ ____.

A 
Right 
Right 
CO 
Right 
Vena cava
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19
Q

Right sided heart failure leads to increased ___ pressure and results in edema in the ____, _____, and ___ cavity. Very high venous pressure can lead to distention of ___ ____ and ___ edema

A 
Venous 
Legs 
Liver 
Abdominal 
Neck veins 
Cerebral
20
Q

Symptoms of right backup failure include ___ congestion, increased ____ ____ pressure, e____, h____, and a_______

A 
Systemic 
Jugular venous 
Edema 
Hepatomegaly  
Ascites
21
Q

There are no significant sx of _____ forward failure. Decreased _____ may occur because of decreased __ of the ___ ventricle

A

Right
Oxygenation
Output
Right

22
Q

Sx of left forward failure include f___, decreased G____ _____ ____, impaired ____, c___ and D____

A 
Fatigue 
Glomerular filtration rate
Digestion 
Confusion
Disorientation
23
Q

Causes of left sided heart failure include ____ HTN, ___, ____ dysfunction such as pulmonic valvular stenosis, which leads to pressure or volume ____ on the heart

A

Systemic
MI
Valvular
Overload

24
Q

Right sided heart failure in the absence of left sided heart failure is a result of ____ problems like ___ or ____ HTN. ____ ___ ____ syndrome may also cause right sided heart failure

A

Pulmonary
COPD
Pulmonary
Acute respiratory distress

25
Q

As the amount of blood ejected from the ___ ventricle diminishes, ____ pressure builds up in the ____ venous system and results in fluid filled ____ and ____ congestion, resulting in ____ and c_____

A 
Left 
Hydrostatic 
Pulmonary 
Alveoli 
Pulmonary 
Dyspnea 
Caugh
26
Q

The patient in early heart failure describes cough as ___, occurring mostly at ___ and usually ______

A

Irritating
Night
Nonproductive

27
Q

Patient with More severe heart failure will have ____ ___ ___ sputum- a sign of life threatening ______. Auscultate for _____ or ____.

A

Frothy pink tinged
Edema
Crackles
Wheezing

28
Q

____ inspiratory ___ and fine profuse ___ that repeat themselves from breath to breath and don’t diminish on ____ may indicate heart failure

A

Late
Crackles
Crackles
Coughing

29
Q

Crackles are produced by ____ fluid often first noted in the __ of the lungs, and spread ___ as the condition worsens. ____ indicate a narrowing of the ____ ___ caused by ____ pulmonary vessels. Adventurous sounds heart should be identified with location and if on expiration, inspiration or both

A 
Intra-alveolar 
Base 
Upward 
Wheezing
Bronchial lumen 
Engorged
30
Q

Orthoptera

A

Dyspnea in recumbent or flat position

31
Q

Patients with ___ may sleep with many pillows, upright in bed, or in a recliner

A

Orthopnea

32
Q

Patients with ____ have weakness or fatigue with ___ and ___ in arms and legs alongside weight gain

A

Edema
Activity
Heaviness

33
Q

DANGER

A 
Dyspnea
Anxiety 
Nocturnal parozysmal dyspnea 
Gain in weight 
Edema 
Respiratory distress
34
Q

Clinical manifestations of ____ sided heart failure as result of pulmonary congestion include d____, c___, c___, w___, b____ ___ sputum, and ___. In addition to forward flow, they have ___ and ____

A 
Left 
Dyspnea 
Cough 
Crackles 
Wheezing
Blood tinged 
Orthopnea
Restlessness 
Confusion
35
Q

Right sided heart failure patient has increased ____ ___ ____ manifested as a____, enlarged ____ and ____ and ____ edema

A 
Peripheral venous pressure
Ascites 
Liver
Spleen 
Peripheral
36
Q

Patients with heart failure retain ___ and ___. The best indicator of fluid balance is ____.

A

Sodium
Water
Weight

37
Q

2.2 lbs = ____ fluid

A

1 L

38
Q

History and physical will asses patient for ____ ____ and signs and symptoms. A blood test that can be done is the ___ ____ ___ (___). A c____ ____, e____, e___, and c____ ______ can also help diagnose

A 
Risk factors 
B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)
Chest x Ray 
Echocardiography 
ECG
Cardiac catheterization
39
Q

The BNP is common for diagnosing heart failure particularly ___ sided heart failure with __. It’s a hormone released as body’s response to ____ ___ either from right or left ventricular function

A

Left
Dyspnea
Decreased CO

40
Q

_________ ______Diagnose left and right sided-> typically the heart is enlarged representing ___ or _____. P____ _____ reflect _____ failure

A 
Chest X-ray 
Hypertrophy 
Dilation
Pleural effusion 
Biventricular
41
Q

_____ is the best tool for diagnosing heart failure. cardiac ___ changes, pericardial _____, ____ ____, and _____ ___ can be diagnosed using this ____ technique.

A 
Echocardiography
Valvular 
Effusion
Chamber enlargement 
Ventricular hypertrophy 
Noninvasive
42
Q

_____ often reveals ___ because o2 does not diffuse easily thought the fluid filled ___. Respiratory ___ may occur due to hyperventilation. Respiratory ____ may occur due to ___ retention. Metabolic ___ may indicate accumulation of ____ ___ that comes with ____ o2 in the cells

A 
ABGS 
Hypoxia 
Alveoli 
Alkalosis 
Acidosis 
Co2 
Lactic acid 
Decreased
43
Q

Overall treatment of goal is to improve ___ ___ __ done by possibly ____ cause and ____ ___ to increase activity tolerance.

A

Quality of life
Correcting
Supplemental o2

44
Q

Medications for heart failure aim to improve ___, reduce __ ___ ___, decrease __ ___

A

CO
Peripheral vascular resistance
Fluid overload

45
Q

Possible medications for CHF

A

Ace inhibitors
Diuretics
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blockers

46
Q

___ ___ are more affected than euro- Americans by CHF likely because they have more risk factors that lead to ____ and _____

A

African Americans
HTN
Diabetes

Sequence 1 (21 decks)

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