Week 3 (Muscles.2)

Question 1

What are the types of muscle?

Answer 1

cardiac, smooth and skeletal

Question 2

What is the function of the cardiac muscle? (myocardium)

Answer 2

contracts rhythmically throughout lifespan, doesn’t become fatigued- myogenic contractions- initiated within heart, made up of intercalated discs

Question 3

What is the function of smooth muscle?

Answer 3

involuntary, eases food passing along digestive tract- through peristalsis (contractions)- controlled by autonomic nervous system

Question 4

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

Answer 4

voluntary movement, maintains posture, made up of striated muscle fibers

Question 5

What are epaxial muscles?

Answer 5

dorsal to transverse process, supports spine

Question 6

What are hypaxial muscles?

Answer 6

ventral to transverse process, flexes neck/ tail

Question 7

What is the external intercostal?

Answer 7

attaches to cranial border of next rib, assist with inspiration

Question 8

What is internal intercostal?

Answer 8

lies below external intercostals, assist with expiration (passive movement)

Question 9

What are muscles of the fore-limb and their function?

Answer 9

Trapezius (protracts limb)

Supraspinatus (extends/ stabalises shoulder)

Infraspinatus (stablises and flexes shoulder joint)

Pectorals (adduct forelimb)

Latissimus Dorsi- retracts forelimb

Brachicephalicus- protraction of limb, flexion of neck

Biceps Brachii- flexes elbow

Triceps Brachii- extends elbow joint

Brachialis- flexes elbow joint

Carpal Extensors- humerus, inserts into carpals- front of distal limb

Carpal Flexors- run behind carpus and foot

Digital Extensors- humerus, insert into third phalanx

THORACIC LIMBS AREN’T ATTACHED DIRECTLY TO AXIAL SKELETON

Question 10

What are muscles of the hind-limb and their function?

Answer 10

Gluteals- extend hip joint, abduct thigh

Hamstring group- propel and extend whole limb backwards (retract)

. Biceps Femoris- pelvis to tibia over femur, into calcaneus
. Semitendinous- extends hip, flexes stifle and extends hock
. Semimembranosus- medial, extends hip and flexes stifle

Quadriceps Femoris- large muscle, runs down cranial thigh, tendon contains patella- extends stifle

Gastrocnemius- extends the hock and flex stifle

Digital Extensors- run in foot, of tarsus and foot

Digital Flexors- run behind foot

Question 11

What are the hind-limb abductors? PASS SOME GIN

Answer 11

Pectineus, Sartorius and Grascilis