Week 10 (Nervous System)

Question 1

Define Neurones/ Nerve Cells

Answer 1

the main part of the nervous system

Question 1

What are the functions of the Nervous System?

Answer 1

Receive stimuli from internal and external environment
Analyse and integrate these stimuli
Causes a necessary response

Question 2

Which nerves are the CNS

Answer 2

brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Which nerves are the PNS

Answer 3

nerves leaving the CNS

Question 4

What are the Cranial Nerve Functions?

Answer 4

Sensory input:
Specialised nerve cells called sensory neurons collect information and transmit impulse

Integration :
The CNS processes the input

Motor output:
In response, the PNS sends out impulses through motor nerves to muscles, glands and other organs

Question 5

What are the Peripheral Nerve Functions?

Answer 5

*Cranial nerves that leave the brain- spinal nerves which leave the spinal cord

*Autonomic nerves which supply smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands, and are under involuntary control.

It has 3 subdivisions:

Sympathetic= “fight or flight”

Parasympathetic= “rest and digest”

Enteric= controls GI tract digestion, secretion and motility

*Somatic Nerves which supply the skeletal muscle and are under voluntary control

Question 6

What are Neuroglial Cells?

Answer 6

connective tissue supports the neuron (structurally, by offering essential nutrients, by creating myelin sheaths, by destroying pathogens)
These support neurons in several ways, including physically holding them in place and supplying them with nutrients

*They protect neurons from pathogens and remove dead neurons
*Certain types of glial cells produce myelin

Question 7

Label the Structure of a Neuron

Answer 7

DRAW AND LABEL

Question 8

What are the different types of Neurons?

Answer 8

S-sensory
A- afferent - sensory

Towards CNS
Away CNS

M- motor
E- efferent - motor

Question 9

What is the Interneurons Neuron?

Answer 9

Typically called association or relay neurons

These connect neurons to the other neurons

Lie between a sensory and motor neuron

Question 10

What is the difference between Visceral and Somatic Sensory Nerves

Answer 10

Visceral sensory and motor nerves –Associated with the organs and body systems. Involuntary control.

Example: peristalsis

Somatic sensory and motor nerves - Associated with the somatic structures (muscles, joints, tendons). Voluntary control.

Question 11

Describe the stages of Impulse Conduction

Answer 11

*At the end of the neuron there is a gap before the next cell

*If the next cell is another neuron, the gap is known as a synapse

*If the next cell is a muscle cell, the gap is known as a neuromuscular junction

*The neuron before the synapse is known as the presynaptic neuron, the neuron after the synapse is postsynaptic