Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

human structure and function > week 1- organelles and primary tissues > Flashcards

week 1- organelles and primary tissues Flashcards

1
Q

what do all cells have?

A
  • plasma membrane
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the cytoplasm contain?

A

cellular organelles, dissolved proteins and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the cytoplasm composed of?

A

cytosol or intracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does the nucleus store?

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does DNA contain?

A

instructions for the cell in particular protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are ribosomes the site of?

A

protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the function of free ribosomes?

A

float in cytosol they produce proteins for use inside the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

interconnected tubes continuous with the nuclear envelop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the functions of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • synthesis
  • storage
  • transport
  • detoxification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens to proteins produced by ribosomes on the RER?

A

are packaged and exported out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

are ribosomes attached to the Smooth ER?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the smooth er responsible for?

A
  • synthesis of lipids, cholesterol and steroid based hormones
  • detoxification
  • storage of calcium ions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does the golgi apparatus consist of?

A

stacks of flattened sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

modify, concentrate and package proteins/lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are the steps taken by the golgi apparatus after vesicles are formed in order to export?

A

forms vesicles and distributes them:

  1. within the cell
  2. move and become inserted in membrane
  3. move to membrane for the content to be exported out of cell by exocytosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where are enzymes in the mitochondria found?

A

surface of inner membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of the mitochondria?

A

cellular respiration, which releases energy for cellular functions in form of ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what enzymes does lysosomes contain?

A

lysosomal enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the functions of lysosomes?

A
  • digest biological material including cell debris
  • dispose of invading bacteria
  • recycle material that has been broken down
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the 3 types of cytoskeleton?

A
  • microfilament
  • intermediate filaments
  • microtubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is microfilaments?

A

thinnest of cytoskeleton, made up of a protein called actin that contracts of cell movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is intermediate filaments?

A

located in between the other 2 types and involved in resisting the pulling forces on the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is microtubules?

A

largest of cytoskeleton. Maintains cell shape and distribution of cellular organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are two types of cellular extensions?

A
  • flagellum

- microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is flagellum?

A

a single, long tail found on bacteria and sperm, it whips back and forth to move sperm along

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is microvilli?

A

minute fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane that projects from cell surface

27
Q

what is the function on microvilli?

A

increase surface area of cell

28
Q

what is muscle tissue composed of?

A

muscle cells that contain contractile microfilaments

29
Q

what are the three types of muscle?

A
  • skeletal
  • cardiac
  • smooth
30
Q

what is skeletal muscle?

A

is voluntary

31
Q

what is cardiac muscle?

A

is involuntary and found in heart

32
Q

what is smooth muscle?

A

involuntary and found in blood vessels, gut, bladder and uterus

33
Q

what is epithelial tissue?

A

a sheet of cells that can: cover body, line internal organs and form glands. Anything exposed to external enviro is covered to form boundaries

34
Q

is epithelial tissue vascular or avascular?

35
Q

what are some structural adaptions of epithelial tissue?

A

cilia and microvilli

36
Q

what is cilia?

A

hairlike extensions to propel substances

37
Q

what is microvilli?

A

fingerlike extensions to increase surface area

38
Q

a single layer of epithelial tissue is classified as?

39
Q

multiple layers of epithelial tissue is classified as?

A

stratified

40
Q

what is the function of simple epithelial cells?

A

absorption, secretion, filtration

41
Q

what is the function of stratified epithelial cells?

A

protection

42
Q

what are the types of epithelial cell shapes?

A

cuboid, squamous, columnar

43
Q

what are some functions of epithelial tissue?

A

protection, absorption, excretion, secretion

44
Q

what are the four classes on connective tissue?

A
  • CT proper, loose and dense
  • cartilage
  • bone tissue
  • blood
45
Q

what are characteristics of all connective tissue?

A
  • specialised cells
  • ground substance
  • extracellular protein fibres
46
Q

what is ground substance?

A

unstructured material that fills space between cells and contains fibres

47
Q

what are types of extracellular fibres in the extracellular matrix?

A

collagen, elastic and reticular fibres

48
Q

what does connective tissue proper contain?

A

fibroblasts and fibrocytes

49
Q

what is loose connective tissue characterised by?

A

by loose arrangements of fibres and large amounts of ground substance

50
Q

what is dense connective tissue characterised by?

A

by closely packed bundles of fibres with little ground substances and poorly vascularised

51
Q

what are the functions of connective tissue proper?

A

support, binding, storage and insulation

52
Q

what are the three types of cartilage?

A

hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage

53
Q

what does cartilage contain?

A

chondroblasts and chondrocytes

54
Q

does cartilage lack nerve fibres?

55
Q

is cartilage vascular?

A

no it is avascular

56
Q

what are the functions of cartilage?

A

support and absorb compression

57
Q

what does bone consist of?

A

abundant collagen fibres

58
Q

what does bone contain?

A

osteoblasts

59
Q

what do osteoblasts produce?

A

organic portion of matrix

60
Q

does bone contain vessels and nerve fibres?

61
Q

what is the function of bone?

A

support, protection and storage

62
Q

what does blood contain?

A

erythrocytes (RBC), leukocytes (WBC) and platelets

63
Q

what is the function of blood?

A

transport substances

human structure and function (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions