language of anatomy Flashcards
what is anatomical position?
accurate description of a region or part of the body
what is the supine position?
body is lying face up
what is the prone position?
body is laying face down
what is the superior as a directional term?
towards head or upper part of structure/above
what is the inferior as a directional term?
away from head/ below
what is the superficial as a directional term?
towards or at the body surface (skin)
what is deep as a directional term?
away from body surface (skin)
what is anterior as a directional term?
towards or at front of body
what is posterior as a directional term?
towards or at back of the body
what is medial as a directional term?
towards or at the midline of the body
what is lateral as a directional term?
away from midline
what is proximal as a directional term?
closer to attachment of limb to the body trunk (eg. hip, shoulder)
what is distal as a directional term?
further from attachment of a limb to the body trunk
how can the body be divided into two principal regions (regional terms)?
axial and appendicular regions
what does the axial region primarily consist of?
head, neck and trunk
what does the appendicular region primarily consist of?
includes upper and lower limbs
what does cardi- mean?
heart
what does myo- mean?
muscle
what does gastr- mean?
stomach
what does osteo- mean?
bone
what are the two major body cavities?
dorsal and ventral body cavities
what can the ventral body cavity be subdivided into?
thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
what can the dorsal body cavity be subdivided into?
cranial and vertebral cavities
where is the cranial cavity located?
within skull surrounding brain
where is the vertebral cavity located?
within vertebral column and surrounds spinal cord
what is the thoracic cavity surrounded by?
ribs, sternum and muscles of the chest
what is contained within the thoracic cavity?
heart, lungs, oesophagus and trachea
within the thoracic cavity what cavities also surround the lungs?
pleural cavities
within the thoracic cavity what other cavity surrounds the heart?
pericardial cavity
what cavity within the thoracic cavity surrounds the oesophagus and trachea?
superior mediastinum
how is the abdominopelvic cavity even further subdivided?
abdominal and pelvic cavities
what does the abdominal cavity within the abdominopelvic cavity contain?
stomach, liver and intestines
what does the pelvic cavity within the abdominopelvic cavity contain?
bladder, rectum and some reproductive organs
what are the three main anatomical planes used to cut through the body?
sagittal, frontal and transverse planes
how does the sagittal plane divide the body?
divides into left and right
what is it called when the sagittal plane divides the body equally through midline?
midsagittal plane
what is it called when the sagittal plane does not pass through the midline?
parasagittal plane
how does the frontal plane divide the body?
divided into anterior and posterior
how does the transverse plane divide the body?
horizontal plane that divides into superior and inferior
what is a movement term?
used to describe the movement produced when a skeletal muscle contracts and a specific part of the body moves
what is flexion as a movement term?
movement that decreases angle of joint
what is extension as a movement term?
movement that increases angle of joint
what is elevation as a movement term?
upward movement
what is depression as a movement term?
downward movement
what is protraction as a movement term?
movement anteriorly (forwards)
what is retraction as a movement term?
movement posteriorly (backwards)
what is supination as a movement term?
movement of palm forward or upwards
what is pronation as a movement term?
movement of palm to face backwards or downwards
what is abduction as a movement term?
movement of body part away from midline
what is adduction as a movement term?
movement of body part towards midline
what is circumduction as a movement term?
movement of distal end of a limb in a circle
what is rotation as a movement term?
movement of a bone around its own longitudinal axis
what is inversion as a movement term?
side of foot turns medally
what is eversion as a movement term?
side of foot turns laterally
what is dorsiflexion as a movement term?
upward movement of foot at ankle
what is plantar flexion as a movement term?
downward movement of foot at ankle
