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human structure and function > language of anatomy > Flashcards

language of anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

what is anatomical position?

A

accurate description of a region or part of the body

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2
Q

what is the supine position?

A

body is lying face up

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3
Q

what is the prone position?

A

body is laying face down

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4
Q

what is the superior as a directional term?

A

towards head or upper part of structure/above

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5
Q

what is the inferior as a directional term?

A

away from head/ below

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6
Q

what is the superficial as a directional term?

A

towards or at the body surface (skin)

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7
Q

what is deep as a directional term?

A

away from body surface (skin)

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8
Q

what is anterior as a directional term?

A

towards or at front of body

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9
Q

what is posterior as a directional term?

A

towards or at back of the body

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10
Q

what is medial as a directional term?

A

towards or at the midline of the body

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11
Q

what is lateral as a directional term?

A

away from midline

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12
Q

what is proximal as a directional term?

A

closer to attachment of limb to the body trunk (eg. hip, shoulder)

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13
Q

what is distal as a directional term?

A

further from attachment of a limb to the body trunk

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14
Q

how can the body be divided into two principal regions (regional terms)?

A

axial and appendicular regions

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15
Q

what does the axial region primarily consist of?

A

head, neck and trunk

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16
Q

what does the appendicular region primarily consist of?

A

includes upper and lower limbs

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17
Q

what does cardi- mean?

A

heart

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18
Q

what does myo- mean?

A

muscle

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19
Q

what does gastr- mean?

A

stomach

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20
Q

what does osteo- mean?

A

bone

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21
Q

what are the two major body cavities?

A

dorsal and ventral body cavities

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22
Q

what can the ventral body cavity be subdivided into?

A

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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23
Q

what can the dorsal body cavity be subdivided into?

A

cranial and vertebral cavities

24
Q

where is the cranial cavity located?

A

within skull surrounding brain

25
Q

where is the vertebral cavity located?

A

within vertebral column and surrounds spinal cord

26
Q

what is the thoracic cavity surrounded by?

A

ribs, sternum and muscles of the chest

27
Q

what is contained within the thoracic cavity?

A

heart, lungs, oesophagus and trachea

28
Q

within the thoracic cavity what cavities also surround the lungs?

A

pleural cavities

29
Q

within the thoracic cavity what other cavity surrounds the heart?

A

pericardial cavity

30
Q

what cavity within the thoracic cavity surrounds the oesophagus and trachea?

A

superior mediastinum

31
Q

how is the abdominopelvic cavity even further subdivided?

A

abdominal and pelvic cavities

32
Q

what does the abdominal cavity within the abdominopelvic cavity contain?

A

stomach, liver and intestines

33
Q

what does the pelvic cavity within the abdominopelvic cavity contain?

A

bladder, rectum and some reproductive organs

34
Q

what are the three main anatomical planes used to cut through the body?

A

sagittal, frontal and transverse planes

35
Q

how does the sagittal plane divide the body?

A

divides into left and right

36
Q

what is it called when the sagittal plane divides the body equally through midline?

A

midsagittal plane

37
Q

what is it called when the sagittal plane does not pass through the midline?

A

parasagittal plane

38
Q

how does the frontal plane divide the body?

A

divided into anterior and posterior

39
Q

how does the transverse plane divide the body?

A

horizontal plane that divides into superior and inferior

40
Q

what is a movement term?

A

used to describe the movement produced when a skeletal muscle contracts and a specific part of the body moves

41
Q

what is flexion as a movement term?

A

movement that decreases angle of joint

42
Q

what is extension as a movement term?

A

movement that increases angle of joint

43
Q

what is elevation as a movement term?

A

upward movement

44
Q

what is depression as a movement term?

A

downward movement

45
Q

what is protraction as a movement term?

A

movement anteriorly (forwards)

46
Q

what is retraction as a movement term?

A

movement posteriorly (backwards)

47
Q

what is supination as a movement term?

A

movement of palm forward or upwards

48
Q

what is pronation as a movement term?

A

movement of palm to face backwards or downwards

49
Q

what is abduction as a movement term?

A

movement of body part away from midline

50
Q

what is adduction as a movement term?

A

movement of body part towards midline

51
Q

what is circumduction as a movement term?

A

movement of distal end of a limb in a circle

52
Q

what is rotation as a movement term?

A

movement of a bone around its own longitudinal axis

53
Q

what is inversion as a movement term?

A

side of foot turns medally

54
Q

what is eversion as a movement term?

A

side of foot turns laterally

55
Q

what is dorsiflexion as a movement term?

A

upward movement of foot at ankle

56
Q

what is plantar flexion as a movement term?

A

downward movement of foot at ankle

human structure and function (21 decks)

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