musculoskeletal anatomy- bones Flashcards
what are five functions of bones?
- support
- protection
- storage of triglycerides and minerals
- blood cell production
- movement
how many bones make up the skeleton?
206
what makes up the axial skeleton?
- skull
- vertebral column
- ribcage
what makes up the appendicular skeleton?
- upper limbs
- lower limbs
- shoulder (pectoral) girdle
- pelvic girdle
what are the different bone shapes?
- long
- short
- flat
- irregular
what are examples of flat bones?
sternum, ribs, scapula and skull bones
what are examples of long bones?
most limb bones eg. humerus and clavicles
what are examples of short bones?
tarsals, carpals
what type of bone is the patella?
sesamoid
what are examples of irregular bones?
vertebrae, hip bones
what is tuberosity as a projection?
round and roughened
what is trochanter as a projection?
large, irregular
what is tubercle as a projection?
small, rounded
what is spine as a projection?
pointed (slender, sharp)
what is process as a projection?
bony prominence (bump)
what is crest as a projection?
prominent bony ridge
what is epicondyle as a projection?
raised area on or above a condyle
what is malleolus as a projection?
shaped like a hammer head
what types of tissue does bone contain?
- connective
- nervous
- muscle and epithelial
what is connective tissue composed of?
osseous tissue, adipose tissue and hyaline cartilage (growth plates)
is compact bone or spongy bone lighter?
spongy
what are the two types of bone growth?
-interstitial and appositional
does interstitial or appositional growth lengthen bones?
interstitial
does interstitial or appositional growth widen bones?
appositional
what is bone deposition?
osteoblasts produce new matrix
what is bone resorption?
osteoclasts break down old matrix
what is a comminuted fracture?
bone fragments into 3 or more pieces
what is a compression fracture?
bone is crushed
what is a green stick fracture?
incomplete break
what is a spiral fracture?
ragged break that occurs with excessive twisting
what is an epiphyseal fracture?
bones break along epiphyseal plate
what is a Colles fracture?
break at distal end of radius