WBC Disorders Exam 3 Flashcards
infetious mononucleosis “Mono”
typically spread through body fluids
most prevalent in adolescence/young adults
swollen lymph nodes
onset: incubation 4-8 weeks
increased WBC
a diff will show around 95% lymphocytes
treatment: symptomatic & supportive
myelodysplastic syndrome
a group of related hematologic disorders characterized by a change in the quantity and quality of bone marrow elements
-bone marrow failure disorder
affects elderly >65
characterized by low blood cell count cytopenias
-anemia, infection and spontaneous bleeding or bruising
diagnostics: laboratory & bone marrow biopsy
leukemias
malignant neoplasms of cells originally derived from a single hematopoietic cell line
-white blood cells immature and unregulated start rapidly growing in bone marrow
circulate in blood
rapid not really useful white blood cells
how is leukemia classified
according to their predominant cell type and whether the condition is acute or chronic
what is the most common child leukemia
acute lymphocytic leukemia
what is the most common leukemia in older adults
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
acute leukemia
sudden, stormy onset
S/S related to decreased WBC, decreased RBC, decreased platelets
-bone pain, fatigue, children may refuse to walk
diagnosis based on:
blood/bone marrow tissue
chronic leukemia
not that sudden pain, slower progression
CLL - older adults
- fatigue, wt loss, anorexia, infections
CML - adults and children
- fatigue, wt loss, diaphoresis, bleeding, abdominal discomfort
treatment for leukemia
goal - attain remission
cytotoxic chemotherapy
stem cell transplant
malignant lymphomas
neoplasms of cells derived from lymphoid tissue
Hodgkin Disease
Non-Hodgkin Disease
Hodgkin Disease
characterized by painless, progressive, rubbery enlargement of a single node or group of nodes - usually in neck
Reed-Stenberg cell - distinctive tumor cell found with lymph biopsy
diagnosis: peripheral blood analysis, lymph node biopsy, bone marrow exam, radiographic evaluation
Clinical manifestations of hodgkin diease
insidious onset; painless enlarged lymph nodes & other nonspecific symptoms
treatments of Hodgkin Disease
chemo
radiation
stem cell treatment
Non-Hodgkin Disease
neoplastic disorder of lymphoid
spread occurs early –> liver, spleen & bone marrow
painless superficial lymphadenopathy
multiple myeloma
plasma cell cancer (B cells)
malignant disease of mature antibody secreting B lymphocytes
-cancer of B cells
abnormal immunoglobulins (M protein) increases osteoclasts --> causes bone breakdown
more common in african americans
can cause hypercalcemia
