Diabetes Pathophysiology Exam 2

Question 1

What is diabetes

Answer 1

metabolic disorder characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA that results form defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

Question 2

where in pancreas does endocrine function occur?

Answer 2

Islet of Langerhans

Question 3

what do alpha cells do

Answer 3

secrete glucagon in response to low blood sugar

Question 4

glucagon

Answer 4

stimulates the liver to release stored glucose into the blood

Question 5

beta cells

Answer 5

produce insulin which lowers glucose levels by stimulating the movement of glucose into body tissues

Question 6

Insulin

Answer 6

secreted by the pancreas (beta cells), stimulates uptake, utilization, and storage of glucose, stimulates the liver to store glucose (as glycogen)

b/c of stimulating effects– insulin decreases plasma concentrations of glucose

Question 7

insulin and fat

Answer 7

insulin promotes synthesis of fatty acids in the liver

insulin inhibits the breakdown of fat in the adipose tissue – can cause a buildup of triglycerides in fat cells

Question 8

when our body begins to break down fat.. what is the by product?

Answer 8

Free Fatty Acid (FFA)

Question 9

when you breakdown protein what is by product?

Answer 9

amino acids

Question 10

S/S of hypoglycemia

Answer 10

pallor, sweating, tachycardia, palpitations, hunger, restlessness, anxiety, tremors, convulsion, coma

Question 11

Somogyi effect

Answer 11

overdose of insulin which causes hypoglycemia and counter regulatory mechanisms cause hyperglycemia and ketosis

liver sense low blood sugar, releases stored glucose = hyperglycemia and ketosis

Question 12

dawn phenomenon

Answer 12

hyperglycemia in the morning due to natural hormonal release