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My NUR 325 Flash Cards > Skin Disorders Exam 3 > Flashcards

Skin Disorders Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what type of fungus is transmitted through implementation

A

Tineas

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2
Q

what type of fungus is transmitted through inhalation

A

cryptococcal

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3
Q

what type of fungus is transmitted through taking antibiotics

A

candidiasis

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4
Q

fungal infections that are superficial

A

mycoses or dermatophytes

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5
Q

types of common fungi

A

yeast = candida albicans
superficial dermatophytes = tineas
-lives on keratinized tissues of skin, hair, nails

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6
Q

description of tinea pedis

A

dry, scaling pruritic lesions
may only affect skin in the web space between toes

risk factors: coming into contact with infected skin or fungus in the environment

treatment: topical antifungals

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7
Q

description of tinea capitis

A

can affect scalp, eyebrows, or eyelashes

  • scaly erythematous lesions and hair loss
  • may cause permanent alopecia

treatment:
Po systemic anti-fungals bid for 4-6 weeks
topicals are not effective

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8
Q

tinea versicolor

A

Ringworm that affects the skin of the upper chest, back, or arms
-caused by a type of yeast that lives naturally on your skin

risk factors: hot climate, sweating a lot, oily skin, weakened immune system, NOT CONTAGIOUS

characteristics: acidic bleach from the growing yeast causes skin discoloration
treatment: topical antifungals including shampoos

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9
Q

description of candidiasis: thrush/yeast infections

A

risk factors: immunosuppression, antibiotic use

appearance: may appear as white lesions in the mouth
- beefy red with satellite lesions in intertriginous areas

treatment: topical anti-fungal agents

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10
Q

what is histoplasmosis

A

fungal infection that mostly affects lungs
histoplasma capsulatum - fungus that lives in the soil

occurs around 10 days after exposure

symptoms: usually self-limiting and stays in the lungs
treatment: usually none; systemic antifungals

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11
Q

what is blastomycosis

A

caused by blastomyces fungus
typically affects lungs
acquired by breathing in the spores - AIRBORNE

symptoms appear 3 weeks to 3 months after exposure
most people do NOT get sick - flu like symptoms

treatment: systemic antifungals for severe cases for 6 months to 1 year

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12
Q

what is pneumocystis

A

causes a form of pneumonia: pneumocystis pneumonia
risk factors: immunocompromised

cause: fungus is common in the environment; AIRBORNE
symptoms: mild, flu-like, pleuritic chest pain, fatigue
treatment: usually combination of 2 IV antifungals and corticosteroids

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13
Q

Cryptococcus meningitis

A

fungus found in soil bird droppings
infection in the meninges - rare in healthy people

occurs in a few days to weeks from contact

symptoms: nausea/vomiting, change in mental status, lethargy, sensitivity to light

Treatment IV/PO antifungals

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14
Q

cryptococcus: pulmonary infection

A

acquired from inhalation of the fungus found in soil

causes a severe pneumonia with respiratory failure

incubation times vary from 2-11 months after exposure

symptoms: SOB, coughing, fever, mental status changes
treatment: PO/IV antifungals

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15
Q

melasma

A

dark macules on the face
more common in women
-mask of pregnancy
-oral contraceptives

treatment:
avoid sun
bleaching creams with hydroquinone
tretinoin/retin-A

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16
Q

vitiligo

A 
acquired condition characterized by abnormalities in the production of melanin 
pigment disappears from a patch of skin 
occurs suddenly before or around age 21 
affected areas spear 
no treatments
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17
Q

verrucae vulgaris

A

“common wart”

transmission: low risk of person to person; higher risk with wet

affects children and young adults more commonly

symptoms: usually skin growth identified by person as a wart

treatment: usually self-limited and resolve on own
- cryotherapy, duct tape, topical salicylic acid

18
Q

Human papilloma virus

A

considered STD

transmission: oral, vaginal, anal sex
treatment: anti-virals

prevention & early diagnosis:
HPV vaccine
pap smears for women

19
Q

herpes zoster: shingles

A

varicella zoster virus lies dormant on a dermatome segment after infection with chickenpox
-becomes reactivated by immunosuppression, stress, or illness

prodrome: burning/tingling along dermatome and then rash develops with vesicles that dry and crust over
complication: post-herpetic neuralgia persistent pain in the area where the rash was

20
Q

impetigo

A

bacterial

organisms carried in the nose: staphylococci & streptococci

Acute & CONTAGIOUS

appearance: vesicles, pustules, honey-colored crust on red base
treatment: antibacterial - bactroban

21
Q

abscess

A

skin inflamed and red with collection of pus
area often raised with palpable borders
tender
may drain purulent discharge or feel fluctuant (fluid-filled)

treatment: incision & drainage and antibiotics

22
Q

Furuncle

A

bacterial infection of HAIR FOLLICLE

treatment: I&D and antibiotics

23
Q

carbuncle

A

painful deep swelling of the skin caused by bacteria

treatment: I&D and antibiotics

24
Q

cellulitis

A

bacterial infection of skin and surrounding tissues
may be an initial injury or wound that becomes infected and spreads to the surrounding healthy tissue

not contagious

appearance: red, painful, swollen and warm to touch
treatment: PO systemic antibiotics, IV depending on severity

25
Q

Methicillin resistant staph infection (MRSA)

A

caused by staph bacteria that is resistant to many antibiotics

hospital acquired - invasive procedures
community acquired - often begins as painful boil

transmitted from person to person
high risk - wrestlers, child-care workers, living in crowded conditions

symptoms: warm to touch, purulent drainage, fever, abscess

treatment: hospital acquired - IV
community acquired - bactrim or dicloxacillin

26
Q

what are the precancerous lesions

A

actinic keratosis

solar lentigos

27
Q

actinic keratosis

A

benign lesions
due to damage by UV rays
common in fair skin persons
rough, scaly, red plaques

28
Q

solar lentigos

A

benign lesions

also known as liver/age spots

29
Q

what are the 3 major types of skin cancer

A

Basal cell
squamous cell
melanoma

30
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common skin cancer in white skinned people
most curable - usually a non-metastasizing

characteristics: nodular form that begins as a small, flesh-colored or pink dome shaped bump

31
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

2nd most frequent skin cancer
can metastasize

red and scaling
-keratotic, slightly elevated lesion with irregular border usually with shallow chronic ulcer

32
Q

melanoma

A

cancer of the melanocytes
malignant cells grow on the skin

risk factors: family history, RED/blonde hair (AWKWARD), presence of freckling on upper back (OPE), history of blistering sun burns before age of 20, working outside job

33
Q

ABCDE chart

A 
A: asymmetrical 
B: borders
C: colors
D: diameter 
E: evolving
34
Q

eczema

A

group of skin conditions that cause the skin to become inflamed or irritated
-NOT contagious

atopic eczema: most common type; inherited tendency to develop eczema, asthma, and hay fever

characteristics: pruritis, rash on face/back of knees/wrists/hands/feet, skin very dry/thickened/scaly, lesions may appear reddish and then turn burn; lesions can ooze & crust over; can be exacerbated by heat, cold, detergents, URI, and stress

35
Q

treatment for eczema

A 
relieve itching/prevent infection 
lotions and creams to keep skin moist
cold compresses
OTC hydrocortisone cream or prescription strength 
immune modulator medications
36
Q

stasis dermatitis (chronic venous insufficiency)

A

found primarily in the lower extremities - venous eczema

cause: poor venous circulation
- more common in people over age of 50

symptoms: redness and scaling present
- edema around ankles is often 1st sign
- ulcerations may develop and a secondary bacterial infection may occur

treatment: compression stockings, elevate feet above the heart, exercise, diuretics for edema, antihistamines for the itching, surgery to repair valves

37
Q

psoriasis

A

chronic condition
not contagious
over-active immune system, may be autoimmune

link between psoriasis/obesity/cardiovascular diseases

characteristics: skin cells grow too quickly causing skin to be thick, white, silvery, or have red patches of skin - plaques
treatment: keep skin moist, UV light phototherapy, corticosteroid creams/lotions, topical medications, immune modulating medications

38
Q

drug-induced skin eruptions

A

mimics any other skin disorder

appearance: typically, maculo-popular rash, bright red
distribution: usually starts on trunk, speads to limbs, usually does not affect face
- itches and burns

penicillins and cephalosporins are common

39
Q

urticaria/hives

A

manifestation of an allergic reaction
characterized by edematous plaques that cause intense itching

lesions are raised pink/red areas surrounded by a paler halo that blanch with pressure
may see swelling of tongue or pharynx

related to histamine - allows fluid to leak into tissues causes edema

common causes: food, drinks, medications - anything people can be allergic to

40
Q

angioedema

A

severe form of allergic reaction of urticaria

see thicker lesions from massive transudation of fluid into the dermis/subq tissue

typically affects the lips, periorbital area, hands, feet, penis, scrotum

complications: AIRWAY

My NUR 325 Flash Cards (25 decks)

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