Urologic problems exam 4 Flashcards
what bacteria causes the most UTIs
E.coli
bacteriuria
bacteria in the urine not causing an infection
urethritis
infection in the urethra
cystitis
infection of the bladder
S/S of UTI
urgency frequency dysuria hematuria cloudy/foul fever/chills/fatigue
UTI protective factors
pH = acidic
presence of urea
men = prostatic secretions
UTI risk factors
CAUTIs females higher risk perineal irritation (incontinence) sexual activity age obstruction or reflux - if urine can not get out immobility decreased cognition
manifestations for UTI; urethritis
dysuria = difficulty/painful urination
manifestations for UTI; cystitis
frequency
urgency
suprapubic discomfort
dysuria
atypical UTI manifestations; children
fever
poor feeding
diarrhea
ill appearance
atypical UTI manifestations; elderly
anxiety confusion lethargy anorexia history of falling
what is phenazopyridine used for
relief of PAIN due to UTI
what is the MOA for phenazopyridine
dye used in paint; local analgesic action
SE of phenazopyridine
reddish-orange urine
well tolerated
what is overactive bladder
muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even when urine volume is low
-sudden urge to urinate
causes of overactive bladder
neurological disorders diabetes UTIs hormonal changes tumors/stones obstructions
what is mirabegron used for
overactive bladder
MOA of mirabegron
selectively stimulates beta- 3 adrenergic receptors, relaxing bladder smooth muscle
SE of mirabegron
HTN (MONITOR)
UTI
urinary retention
headache
what is incontinence
involuntary urine loss
NOT A PART OF NORMAL AGING
what is urgency incontinence
involves the involuntary leakage of urine immediately after a sudden sensation to urinate
causes of urgency incontinence
overactive detrusor (smooth muscle of bladder) muscle that suddenly contracts
bladder infection that irritate bladder lining
drugs
CNS conditions
what is stress incontinence
occurs when urine is involuntarily lost with increases in intraabdominal pressure
causes of stress incontinence
loss of pelvic muscle AND/OR loss of fascial support of bladder and urethra
why is incontinence a problem
can cause inflammation of the skin
- redness, pain, itching
- swelling, blisters, dryness
what is oxybutynin used for
incontinence, over active bladder
MOA for oxybutynin
block the action of acetylcholine; acetylcholine activates smooth muscle contractions
SE of oxybutynin
dry mouth, incontinence
