Diabetes and Obesity Medications (Exam 2) Flashcards
-ide suffix
sulfonylureas
glipizide and glyburide
-formin suffix
biguanides
metformin
-gliptin suffix
DPP4 inhibitors
linagliptin, sazagliptin, sitagliptin
-tide suffix
GLP-1 receptor agonists
dulaglutide, exenatide, semaglutide
-flozin suffix
sodium-glucose cotransport ER 2 (SLG2) inhibitors
dapagliflozin
-stat suffix
for obesity
libase inhibitor
orlistat
sulfonylureas
Binding and closing the potassium ATP (K-ATP) channels in the pancreatic beta cells (make insulin in pancreas) thereby stimulating secretion of insulin
DPP4 inhibitors
Stops dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (which is an enzyme that inactivates the incretin hormone, Incretin hormone naturally stimulates insulin to be released) So it increases insulin release, reduces glucagon release, decreases hepatic glucose production, slows down digestion and decrease appetite
biguanides
Lowers blood glucose by decreasing production of glucose in the liver.
Sodium-glucose cotransport ER 2 (SLG2) inhibitors
Prevents the kidneys from reabsorbing glucose back into the blood. Allows kidneys to lower blood glucose levels and excess glucose in blood removed from body via urine.
GLP-1 receptor agonists
Enhances glucose dependent insulin secretion. Stimulates glucose-dependent release of insulin, inhibits postprandial release of glucagon, and suppresses appetite
Lipase inhibitor
Binds to gastric and pancreatic enzymes and BLOCKS these enzymes; reduces fat absorption by 30%
glipizide side effects and considerations
sulfonylureas
SE: hypoglycemia
considerations: do not take during pregnancy, careful with alcohol (ETOH), ibuprofen (NSAIDs), tagamet (heart burn med), sulfa-based ATB potentiates
glyburide SE and considerations
sulfonylureas
SE: hypoglycemia
DO not take during pregnancy, careful with alcohol (ETOH), ibuprofen (NSAIDs), tagamet (heart burn med), sulfa-based ATB potentiates
metformin SE and Considerations
biguanides
SE: abdominal bloating, N/V/D, risk for acidosis in patients with elevated creatinine, DO NOT USE IN PATIENTS WITH ELEVATED ALT LEVELS (liver enzyme)
considerations: do not use with heart failure, kidney disease, liver disease monitor serum glucose levels, give 30 minutes before meals
