Hypertension and Hyperlipidemia Drugs Flashcards
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazaide Diuretic
MOA: works on distal convoluted tubule to stop resorption of sodium, potassium, chloride = decreased cardiac output, results in water loss and lowers BP
Side effects: Electrolyte and metabolic disturbances, hypokalemia (low k+), watch with gout patients (hyperuricemia)
Furosemide
hypertension
loop diuretic
MOA: stops kidneys ability to reabsorb sodium in the loop of henle, makes kidneys put more sodium in urine
Side effects: hypokalemia (peeing out electrolytes), dehydration, hypotension, ototoxicity
monitor potassium
Spironolactone
Hypertension
Potassium-sparing diuretic (aldosterone agonist)
MOA: block the action of aldosterone (sodium and water retention) = potassium retention and excretion of sodium and water (not losing potassium)
usually given with another hypertensive medication
Side effects: HYPERkalemia (b/c not getting rid of potassium
Metoprolol
Hypertension
Beta-blocker [selective]
MOA: increases nitric oxide = vasodilation response, blocks stimulation of beta- 1 receptors = decreases HR and contractility
Side effects: bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia
do not discontinue abruptly –> can cause rise in BP and risk for stroke
do not give if HR < 60, systolic BP < 100
Propranolol
Hypertension
beta-blocker [non-selective] impacts beta 1 and 2
MOA: increases nitric oxide = vasodilation response, blocks stimulation of beta- 1 receptors = decreases HR and contractility
Side effects: bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia
Careful with diabetics
DO NOT GIVE TO COPD PATIENTS
hold if HR < 60 or systolic BP< 100
Carvedilol
Hypertension
beta-blocker [alpha and beta] impacts beta 1 and 2
MOA: increases nitric oxide = vasodilation response, blocks stimulation of beta- 1 receptors = decreases HR and contractility
Side effects: bradycardia, hypotension, hypoglycemia
Careful with diabetics
DO NOT GIVE TO COPD PATIENTS
hold if HR < 60 or systolic BP< 100
Clonidine
Hypertension
centrally acting sympatholytic
MOA: decrease sympathetic outflow resulting in decreased stimulation of adrenergic receptors (both alpha AND beta receptors)
Side effects: drowsiness (give at night), rebound HTN, may worsen pre-existing liver disease
do not abruptly discontinue
Doxazosin
hypertension
selective alpha- 1 blockers
MOA: blocks alpha- 1 to cause venous and arterial dilation (vasodilation)
Side effects: hypotension, dizziness
Captopril
Hypertension
ACE inhibitor
MOA: blocks ACE, stops production of angiotensin 2 which is a vasoconstrictor, stops aldosterone secretion –> less water retention
Side effects: can cause decreased white blood cells, hyperkalemia, first dose causes hypotension, nonproductive cough
monitor wbc
do not give to pregnant women
lisinopril
Hypertension
ACE inhibitor
MOA: blocks ACE, stops production of angiotensin 2 which is a vasoconstrictor, stops aldosterone secretion –> less water retention
Side effects: first dose causes hypotension, nonproductive cough, angioedema
do not give to pregnant women
Losartan
Hypertension
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
MOA: blocks the action of angiotensin 2 AFTER it is formed, causes vasodilation, increased sodium and water excretion
Side effects: well tolerated, angioedema
No not use if pregnant
aliskiren
Hypertension
Renin inhibitor
MOA: direct inhibition of renin, induces vasodilation, decreases blood volume, decreases SNS
Side effects: tolerated well, GI discomfort
watch for hyperkalemia in diabetics
Do not give to pregnant people
takes several weeks to see full effect
nifedipine
Hypertension
Calcium channel blocker
MOA: blocks calcium access to cells causes decreased contractility and decreased conductivity of heart and decreases demand for oxygen
Side effects: hypotension, peripheral edema
best used in elderly african americans
nicardipine
Hypertension
Calcium channel blocker
MOA: blocks calcium access to cells causes decreased contractility and decreased conductivity of heart and decreases demand for oxygen
Side effects: hypotension, peripheral edema
best used in elderly african americans
verapamil
Hypertension (heart rhythm disorders)
Calcium channel blocker
MOA: blocks calcium access to cells causes decreased contractility and decreased conductivity of heart and decreases demand for oxygen
Side effects: hypotension, peripheral edema
best used in elderly african americans
