Stress Exam 3

Question 1

what is homeostasis

Answer 1

the ideal set pint in the body
Homeo - same 
stasis - stable 
where balance is achieved 
-pH, temp, blood pressure

Question 2

what is allostasis

Answer 2

allo - variable OR different
stasis - stable
addresses the need to alter “set points” based on certain situations
EX. respiratory rate needs to increase with vigorous exercise

short term adaptation to the stressor - survival

Question 3

what is eustress

Answer 3

positive reaction of the body

EX. promotion OR getting into nursing school

Question 4

what is distress

Answer 4

negative reaction

Question 5

what is a stressor

Answer 5

actual force exerted

Question 6

what influences our response to stress

Answer 6

genetics
culture
prior experiences/environment
pre-existing health status 
allostatic state 
ability to manage stress

Question 7

what is general adaptation syndrome

Answer 7

a similar response by the body no matter what the stress

• alarm
• resistance
• exhaustion

Question 8

what is alarm

Answer 8

the initial state of arousal

the body’s initial defense mechanism

Question 9

what is fight or flight response

Answer 9

sympathetic nervous system
-adrenergic response (adrenaline)
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Question 10

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 10

norepinephrine

• vascular smooth muscle
• pupils
• decrease gastric secretion
• pancreas

epinephrine

• heart
• lungs
• liver
• pancreas

Question 11

HPA Axis

Answer 11

glucocorticoids
-cortisol

mineralocorticoids
-aldosterone

Question 12

cortisol

Answer 12

increase cardiac output and blood pressure
decrease luteinizing hormones, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone
increase levels of amino acids
atrophy of lymph tissues
limited increase in WBC response

Question 13

aldosterone

Answer 13

absorb Na+
excrete K+
water follows salt

Question 14

glucocorticoids

Answer 14

promote synthesis of epinephrine

work together in the brain; develop memory

Question 15

resistance

Answer 15

continued hormone and catecholamine release
-counteract the effects of continued stress

time limited

• stressor is removed - relaxation
• parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) takes over

Question 16

exhaustion

Answer 16

stressor is not relieved 
body can no longer achieve homeostasis 
-hypertrophy of adrenal cortex 
-atrophy of lymphatic tissue 
depleted energy stores
inability to adapt

Question 17

chronic stress

Answer 17

negative impact on physical and mental well-being
immunosuppression from cortisol
- decreased response of WBCs
- atrophy of thymus and decreased T-cells
excessive catecholamine response

Question 18

allostatic load

Answer 18

chronic stress

long term dysregulation

Question 19

allostatic overload

Answer 19

exhaustion

stress-induced disease or disorder

Question 20

causes of overload

Answer 20

hair loss, tension, mouth sores, asthma, palpitations, tics, digestive disorders, irritable bladder, acne, irregular periods, impotence, sleep disturbances

Question 21

sleep deprivation

Answer 21

irritability and moodiness 
apathy
impaired memory
poor judgement 
hallucinations can develop

Question 22

over production of stress hormones

Answer 22

affects memory 
major depressive disorders 
immunosuppression 
-increased risk of infection 
-autoimmune disorders 
-decreased healing 
-prolongation of existing infections

Question 23

cortisol

Answer 23

CHO and glucose metabolism
effects are opposite of insulin
supply glucose to the brain
gluconeogenesis
decreased peripheral glucose utilization
inhibit glucose uptake by muscles and adipose tissue
promote glucose storage - glycogen