Stress Exam 3 Flashcards
what is homeostasis
the ideal set pint in the body Homeo - same stasis - stable where balance is achieved -pH, temp, blood pressure
what is allostasis
allo - variable OR different
stasis - stable
addresses the need to alter “set points” based on certain situations
EX. respiratory rate needs to increase with vigorous exercise
short term adaptation to the stressor - survival
what is eustress
positive reaction of the body
EX. promotion OR getting into nursing school
what is distress
negative reaction
what is a stressor
actual force exerted
what influences our response to stress
genetics culture prior experiences/environment pre-existing health status allostatic state ability to manage stress
what is general adaptation syndrome
a similar response by the body no matter what the stress
- alarm
- resistance
- exhaustion
what is alarm
the initial state of arousal
the body’s initial defense mechanism
what is fight or flight response
sympathetic nervous system
-adrenergic response (adrenaline)
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
sympathetic nervous system
norepinephrine
- vascular smooth muscle
- pupils
- decrease gastric secretion
- pancreas
epinephrine
- heart
- lungs
- liver
- pancreas
HPA Axis
glucocorticoids
-cortisol
mineralocorticoids
-aldosterone
cortisol
increase cardiac output and blood pressure
decrease luteinizing hormones, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone
increase levels of amino acids
atrophy of lymph tissues
limited increase in WBC response
aldosterone
absorb Na+
excrete K+
water follows salt
glucocorticoids
promote synthesis of epinephrine
work together in the brain; develop memory
resistance
continued hormone and catecholamine release
-counteract the effects of continued stress
time limited
- stressor is removed - relaxation
- parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) takes over
exhaustion
stressor is not relieved body can no longer achieve homeostasis -hypertrophy of adrenal cortex -atrophy of lymphatic tissue depleted energy stores inability to adapt
chronic stress
negative impact on physical and mental well-being
immunosuppression from cortisol
- decreased response of WBCs
- atrophy of thymus and decreased T-cells
excessive catecholamine response
allostatic load
chronic stress
long term dysregulation
allostatic overload
exhaustion
stress-induced disease or disorder
causes of overload
hair loss, tension, mouth sores, asthma, palpitations, tics, digestive disorders, irritable bladder, acne, irregular periods, impotence, sleep disturbances
sleep deprivation
irritability and moodiness apathy impaired memory poor judgement hallucinations can develop
over production of stress hormones
affects memory major depressive disorders immunosuppression -increased risk of infection -autoimmune disorders -decreased healing -prolongation of existing infections
cortisol
CHO and glucose metabolism
effects are opposite of insulin
supply glucose to the brain
gluconeogenesis
decreased peripheral glucose utilization
inhibit glucose uptake by muscles and adipose tissue
promote glucose storage - glycogen
