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My NUR 325 Flash Cards > Basic GI Exam 4 > Flashcards

Basic GI Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what is constipation

A

small, infrequent or difficult BM

-fewer than 3 BMs/week

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2
Q

fecal impaction

A

firm immovable mass obstructs the GI tract

- liquid can squeeze around so may get very liquidly stool

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3
Q

diarrhea

A

increase in frequency and fluidity of bowel movements

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4
Q

acute diarrhea

A

infection, emotional stress, some medications, and liquid stool around an impaction

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5
Q

chronic diarrhea

A

lasting more than 4 weeks

  • chronic GI infection
  • alterations in motility or integrity
  • malabsorption
  • endocrine disorders
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6
Q

osmotic diarrhea

A

increased amounts of osmotic active solutes
-magnesium sulfate
-epsom salt
common with tube feeding

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7
Q

secretory diarrhea

A

caused by bacteria or toxin

  • bibrio cholerae
  • Staph
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8
Q

exudative diarrhea

A

active sites of inflammation within bowel, open “wounds” pulling water into intestines forming diarrhea

  • crohn disease
  • ulcerative colitis
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9
Q

diarrhea related to motility disturbances

A

decreased absorption in small intestine

  • dumping syndrome
  • IBS
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10
Q

Why is diarrhea a problem

A

skin breakdown
loss of fluid and electrolytes
nutritional concerns

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11
Q

anti-diarrheals

A

drugs to treat diarrhea

-always given orally

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12
Q

adsorbent class

A

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)

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13
Q

bismuth subsalicylate MOA

A

coats the walls of the GI tract

bind the causative agent for elimination

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14
Q

bismuth subsalicylate SE

A

increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stools and darkening of tongue

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15
Q

antimotility class drugs

A

loperamide & diphenoxylate [atropine]

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16
Q

loperamide MOA

A

slow peristalsis

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17
Q

diphenoxylate [atropine] MOA

A

slow peristalsis and drying effect

18
Q

diphenoxylate [atropine] SE

A 
urinary retention
headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness
bradycardia, hypotension
dry skin
flushing
19
Q

Probiotic drugs

A

lactobacillius organisms - bacid, culturelle

20
Q

MOA of probiotics

A

replenish these bacteria and restore normal flora

21
Q

what are laxatives

A

used for treatment of constipation

22
Q

what drug is in bulk-forming class

A

psyllium (Metamucil)

23
Q

MOA of psyllium

A

act similar to dietary fiber
absorbs water into the intestine, increasing bulk
distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity and bowel movement

24
Q

SE of psyllium

A

impaction above strictures
fluid/electrolyte imbalance
gas formation
esophageal blockage

25
Q

Nursing considerations for psyllium

A

OK for long term use - THE ONLY LAXATIVE
give in a decent amount of water
contraindicated for any impaction or obstruction

26
Q

drugs in emollient class

A

docusate sodium and mineral oil

27
Q

MOA for docusate sodium

A

lubricates fecal material and walls, promotes fat absorption into fecal mass
prevent water from moving out of intestines

28
Q

MOA for mineral oil

A

lubricates intestines

prevents water from moving out of intestines

29
Q

What is docusate sodium used for?

A

prevent opioid-induced constipation

30
Q

what is mineral oil used for

A

fecal impactions

31
Q

SE of docusate sodium and mineral oil

A

skin rashes, decreased absorption of vitamin

32
Q

drugs in hyperosmotic class

A

laxatives
glycerin
lactulose
polyethylene glycol

33
Q

MOA for glycerin, lactulose and polyethylene glycol

A

increasing water content in feces

promotes distention, peristalsis, and evacuation

34
Q

what are the uses of hyperosmotic drugs

A

evacuate bowels before diagnostics and surgical procedures

35
Q

SE of glycerin , lactulose, polyethylene glycol

A

abdominal bloating
rectal irritation
electrolyte imbalance

36
Q

saline class drugs

A

laxatives

magnesium salts and sodium salts

37
Q

MOA for magnesium salts and sodium salts

A

increse osmotic pressure and draw water into colon

38
Q

SE of sodium salts and magnesium salts

A

magnesium toxicity
electrolyte imbalance
cramping, diarrhea

39
Q

stimulate class drugs

A

laxatives

bisacodyl and senna

40
Q

MOA for bisacodyl and senna

A

Induce intestinal peristalsis work on GI tract

41
Q

SE of bisacodyl and senna

A

nutrient malabsorption
gastric irritation
electrolyte imbalance

42
Q

what class of laxative drugs are most likely to cause dependence

A

stimulants

bisacodyl and senna

My NUR 325 Flash Cards (25 decks)

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