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My NUR 325 Flash Cards > drugs for exam 4 > Flashcards

drugs for exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

anti-diarrheals

A

drugs to treat diarrhea

-always given orally

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2
Q

adsorbent class

A

bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)

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3
Q

bismuth subsalicylate MOA

A

coats the walls of the GI tract

bind the causative agent for elimination

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4
Q

bismuth subsalicylate SE

A

increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stools and darkening of tongue

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5
Q

antimotility class drugs

A

loperamide & diphenoxylate [atropine]

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6
Q

diphenoxylate [atropine] MOA

A

slow peristalsis and drying effect

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7
Q

diphenoxylate [atropine] SE

A 
urinary retention
headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness
bradycardia, hypotension
dry skin
flushing
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8
Q

Probiotic drugs

A

lactobacillius organisms - bacid, culturelle

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9
Q

what are laxatives

A

used for treatment of constipation

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10
Q

what drug is in bulk-forming class

A

psyllium (Metamucil)

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11
Q

MOA of psyllium

A

act similar to dietary fiber
absorbs water into the intestine, increasing bulk
distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity and bowel movement

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12
Q

SE of psyllium

A

impaction above strictures
fluid/electrolyte imbalance
gas formation
esophageal blockage

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13
Q

Nursing considerations for psyllium

A

OK for long term use - THE ONLY LAXATIVE
give in a decent amount of water
contraindicated for any impaction or obstruction

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14
Q

drugs in emollient class

A

docusate sodium and mineral oil

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15
Q

MOA for docusate sodium

A

for constipation
lubricates fecal material and walls, promotes fat absorption into fecal mass
prevent water from moving out of intestines

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16
Q

MOA for mineral oil

A

lubricates intestines

prevents water from moving out of intestines

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17
Q

What is docusate sodium used for?

A

prevent opioid-induced constipation

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18
Q

what is mineral oil used for

A

fecal impactions

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19
Q

SE of docusate sodium and mineral oil

A

skin rashes, decreased absorption of vitamin

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20
Q

drugs in hyperosmotic class

A

laxatives
glycerin
lactulose
polyethylene glycol

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21
Q

MOA for glycerin, lactulose and polyethylene glycol

A

increasing water content in feces

promotes distention, peristalsis, and evacuation

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22
Q

what are the uses of hyperosmotic drugs

A

evacuate bowels before diagnostics and surgical procedures

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23
Q

SE of glycerin , lactulose, polyethylene glycol

A

abdominal bloating
rectal irritation
electrolyte imbalance

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24
Q

saline class drugs

A

laxatives

magnesium salts and sodium salts

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25
Q

MOA for magnesium salts and sodium salts

A

increase osmotic pressure and draw water into colon

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26
Q

SE of sodium salts and magnesium salts

A

magnesium toxicity
electrolyte imbalance
cramping, diarrhea

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27
Q

stimulate class drugs

A

laxatives

bisacodyl and senna

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28
Q

MOA for bisacodyl and senna

A

Induce intestinal peristalsis work on GI tract

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29
Q

SE of bisacodyl and senna

A

nutrient malabsorption
gastric irritation
electrolyte imbalance

30
Q

what class of laxative drugs are most likely to cause dependence

A

stimulants

bisacodyl and senna

31
Q

What are 5 alpha reductase inhibitors

A

finasteride and dutasteride

for BPH

32
Q

MOA for finasteride and dutasteride

A

acts in reproduction tissue to inhibit 5 alpha DHT

blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT and decreases epithelial tissue in prostate

33
Q

SE of finasteride and dutasteride

A

impotence (erectile disfunction)
decreased libido
gynecomastia - abnormal growth of breast tissue

34
Q

Nursing considerations for finasteride and dutasteride

A

pregnant nurses can not handle this drug

men can not give blood while talking the drug

35
Q

what are alpha1-adrenergic antagonists

A

tamsulosin

for BPH; dynamic obstruction of urethra

36
Q

MOA of tamsulosin

A

relaxes smooth muscle cells and selective for alpha receptors in the prostate

37
Q

SE of tamsulosin

A

well tolerated

abnormal ejaculation

38
Q

what are PDE-5 inhibitors

A

sildenafil (Viagra)

for erectile dysfunction

39
Q

MOA of sildenafil

A

inhibits PDE5, increases and preserves cGMP levels

40
Q

SE of sildenafil

A

heart attack, flushing, dyspepsia

41
Q

cautious with sildenafil

A

do not take if you are taking any nitrates - will cause significant decreased BP
no more than once per day

42
Q

how do you keep optic topical agent localized

A

use nasolacrimal pressure

hold pressure for 2 min

43
Q

what are the optic topical beta blockers

A

timolol [nonselective] and betaxolol [B1 receptor]

44
Q

MOA for timolol & betaxolol

A

block sympathetic nervous system stimulation of beta receptors

45
Q

indication for timolol & betaxolol

A

open angle glaucoma maintenance treatment

acute angle closure - need drops asap + other intervention

46
Q

SE for timolol & betaxolol

A

transient burning & discomfort

47
Q

considerations for timolol & betaxolol

A

timolol - can not give to COPD, asthma, heart issues

must use nasolacrimal pressure

48
Q

what drug is a prostaglandin analog

A

latanoprost

49
Q

MOA for latanoprost

A

increases outflow drainage of aqueous humor

50
Q

indications for latanoprost

A

open angle glaucoma

ocular hypertension

51
Q

SE of latanoprost

A

well tolerated

52
Q

drug in alpha-adrenergic agonist class

A

brimonidine

53
Q

MOA of brimonidine

A

decreases AH production, may increase drainage/outflow

54
Q

indication for brimonidine

A

used for open-angle glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure

55
Q

SE of brimonidine

A

burning/stinging
dry mouth
fatigue, H/A, blurred vision, hypotension

56
Q

drugs in carbonic anhydrase inhibitor class

A

dozolamide

57
Q

MOA for dozolamide

A

decreased production of aqueous humor

58
Q

Indications for dozolamide

A

second-line treatment for open angle and increased IOP

59
Q

SE of dozolamide

A

stinging
bitter taste
allergic reactions

60
Q

What is epinephrine used for

A

severe allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, severe asthmatic attack

61
Q

MOA for epinephrine

A

inhibits release of mediators from mast cells

62
Q

SE of epinephrine

A

CV: angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, tachycardia
CNS: nervousness, restlessness, tremor

MAKE SURE YOU MONITOR

63
Q

Routes for epinephrine

A

all except PO

64
Q

what is phenazopyridine used for

A

relief of PAIN due to UTI

65
Q

what is the MOA for phenazopyridine

A

dye used in paint; local analgesic action

66
Q

SE of phenazopyridine

A

reddish-orange urine

well tolerated

67
Q

what is mirabegron used for

A

overactive bladder

68
Q

MOA of mirabegron

A

selectively stimulates beta- 3 adrenergic receptors, relaxing bladder smooth muscle

69
Q

SE of mirabegron

A

HTN (MONITOR)
UTI
urinary retention
headache

70
Q

what is oxybutynin used for

A

incontinence, over active bladder

71
Q

MOA for oxybutynin

A

block the action of acetylcholine; acetylcholine activates smooth muscle contractions

72
Q

SE of oxybutynin

A

dry mouth, incontinence

My NUR 325 Flash Cards (25 decks)

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