drugs for exam 4 Flashcards
anti-diarrheals
drugs to treat diarrhea
-always given orally
adsorbent class
bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)
bismuth subsalicylate MOA
coats the walls of the GI tract
bind the causative agent for elimination
bismuth subsalicylate SE
increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stools and darkening of tongue
antimotility class drugs
loperamide & diphenoxylate [atropine]
diphenoxylate [atropine] MOA
slow peristalsis and drying effect
diphenoxylate [atropine] SE
urinary retention headache, dizziness, anxiety, drowsiness bradycardia, hypotension dry skin flushing
Probiotic drugs
lactobacillius organisms - bacid, culturelle
what are laxatives
used for treatment of constipation
what drug is in bulk-forming class
psyllium (Metamucil)
MOA of psyllium
act similar to dietary fiber
absorbs water into the intestine, increasing bulk
distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity and bowel movement
SE of psyllium
impaction above strictures
fluid/electrolyte imbalance
gas formation
esophageal blockage
Nursing considerations for psyllium
OK for long term use - THE ONLY LAXATIVE
give in a decent amount of water
contraindicated for any impaction or obstruction
drugs in emollient class
docusate sodium and mineral oil
MOA for docusate sodium
for constipation
lubricates fecal material and walls, promotes fat absorption into fecal mass
prevent water from moving out of intestines
MOA for mineral oil
lubricates intestines
prevents water from moving out of intestines
What is docusate sodium used for?
prevent opioid-induced constipation
what is mineral oil used for
fecal impactions
SE of docusate sodium and mineral oil
skin rashes, decreased absorption of vitamin
drugs in hyperosmotic class
laxatives
glycerin
lactulose
polyethylene glycol
MOA for glycerin, lactulose and polyethylene glycol
increasing water content in feces
promotes distention, peristalsis, and evacuation
what are the uses of hyperosmotic drugs
evacuate bowels before diagnostics and surgical procedures
SE of glycerin , lactulose, polyethylene glycol
abdominal bloating
rectal irritation
electrolyte imbalance
saline class drugs
laxatives
magnesium salts and sodium salts
MOA for magnesium salts and sodium salts
increase osmotic pressure and draw water into colon
SE of sodium salts and magnesium salts
magnesium toxicity
electrolyte imbalance
cramping, diarrhea
stimulate class drugs
laxatives
bisacodyl and senna
MOA for bisacodyl and senna
Induce intestinal peristalsis work on GI tract
SE of bisacodyl and senna
nutrient malabsorption
gastric irritation
electrolyte imbalance
what class of laxative drugs are most likely to cause dependence
stimulants
bisacodyl and senna
What are 5 alpha reductase inhibitors
finasteride and dutasteride
for BPH
MOA for finasteride and dutasteride
acts in reproduction tissue to inhibit 5 alpha DHT
blocks conversion of testosterone to DHT and decreases epithelial tissue in prostate
SE of finasteride and dutasteride
impotence (erectile disfunction)
decreased libido
gynecomastia - abnormal growth of breast tissue
Nursing considerations for finasteride and dutasteride
pregnant nurses can not handle this drug
men can not give blood while talking the drug
what are alpha1-adrenergic antagonists
tamsulosin
for BPH; dynamic obstruction of urethra
MOA of tamsulosin
relaxes smooth muscle cells and selective for alpha receptors in the prostate
SE of tamsulosin
well tolerated
abnormal ejaculation
what are PDE-5 inhibitors
sildenafil (Viagra)
for erectile dysfunction
MOA of sildenafil
inhibits PDE5, increases and preserves cGMP levels
SE of sildenafil
heart attack, flushing, dyspepsia
cautious with sildenafil
do not take if you are taking any nitrates - will cause significant decreased BP
no more than once per day
how do you keep optic topical agent localized
use nasolacrimal pressure
hold pressure for 2 min
what are the optic topical beta blockers
timolol [nonselective] and betaxolol [B1 receptor]
MOA for timolol & betaxolol
block sympathetic nervous system stimulation of beta receptors
indication for timolol & betaxolol
open angle glaucoma maintenance treatment
acute angle closure - need drops asap + other intervention
SE for timolol & betaxolol
transient burning & discomfort
considerations for timolol & betaxolol
timolol - can not give to COPD, asthma, heart issues
must use nasolacrimal pressure
what drug is a prostaglandin analog
latanoprost
MOA for latanoprost
increases outflow drainage of aqueous humor
indications for latanoprost
open angle glaucoma
ocular hypertension
SE of latanoprost
well tolerated
drug in alpha-adrenergic agonist class
brimonidine
MOA of brimonidine
decreases AH production, may increase drainage/outflow
indication for brimonidine
used for open-angle glaucoma and increased intraocular pressure
SE of brimonidine
burning/stinging
dry mouth
fatigue, H/A, blurred vision, hypotension
drugs in carbonic anhydrase inhibitor class
dozolamide
MOA for dozolamide
decreased production of aqueous humor
Indications for dozolamide
second-line treatment for open angle and increased IOP
SE of dozolamide
stinging
bitter taste
allergic reactions
What is epinephrine used for
severe allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, severe asthmatic attack
MOA for epinephrine
inhibits release of mediators from mast cells
SE of epinephrine
CV: angina, arrhythmias, hypertension, tachycardia
CNS: nervousness, restlessness, tremor
MAKE SURE YOU MONITOR
Routes for epinephrine
all except PO
what is phenazopyridine used for
relief of PAIN due to UTI
what is the MOA for phenazopyridine
dye used in paint; local analgesic action
SE of phenazopyridine
reddish-orange urine
well tolerated
what is mirabegron used for
overactive bladder
MOA of mirabegron
selectively stimulates beta- 3 adrenergic receptors, relaxing bladder smooth muscle
SE of mirabegron
HTN (MONITOR)
UTI
urinary retention
headache
what is oxybutynin used for
incontinence, over active bladder
MOA for oxybutynin
block the action of acetylcholine; acetylcholine activates smooth muscle contractions
SE of oxybutynin
dry mouth, incontinence
