Blood Cell Components: Interpreting a CBC Exam 3

Question 1

what is the type of red blood cell

Answer 1

erythrocytes

Question 2

how are erythrocytes shaped

Answer 2

like a doughnut with middle jelly like part

Question 3

how are erythrocytes measured

Answer 3

in percentages called a hematocrit

Question 4

what is the primary responsibility of red blood cells

Answer 4

TISSUE OXYGENATION

carries hemoglobin which carries oxygen to every tissue in our body and “feeds” the tissues cause tissues need oxygen

Question 5

what are white blood cells also called

Answer 5

leukocytes

Question 6

what is the primary role of white blood cells

Answer 6

to protect –> immune function

Question 7

what are the 5 white blood cells

Answer 7

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils 
Basophils

Question 8

what is the pneumonic to remember white blood cells

Answer 8

Never : Neutrophils
Let : Lymphocytes
Moneys : Monocytes
Eat : Eosinophils
Bananas : Basophils

Question 9

what are granulocytes

Answer 9

white blood cells that have cells with nucleus and several lobes and granules

they release mediators with inflammatory and immunity properties

Question 10

which white blood cells are granulocytes

Answer 10

neutrophils (50-67%)
eosinophils (0-3%)
basophils (0-2%)

Question 11

what are agranulocytes

Answer 11

white blood cells with nucleus but little to none granules

do not release mediators

Question 12

which white blood cells are agranulocytes

Answer 12

lymphocytes (24-40%)

monocytes/macrophages (4-9%)

Question 13

Describe neutrophils

Answer 13

most prevalent; first to arrive at site of inflammation
bands (immature) and segs (mature)
increase with acute bacterial infections and trauma
-EX. if I get strep (bacterial); neutrophil count will go up
shift to the left (increase of bands)
-very acute/early stage of infection; more immature than mature

Question 14

describe lymphocytes

Answer 14

T and B cells
primary cells of immune response

increase with chronic bacterial infection and acute viral infection
Agranulocytes
EX. MRSA = more lymphocytes

Question 15

describe monocytes

Answer 15

potent phagocytosis cells
-phagocytosis - eat all the junk that other cells are clearing up

increase with bacterial infections & cancers

Agranulocytes

Question 16

describe eosinophils

Answer 16

increase with allergic reactions or parasitic infections

THINK: Worms, Wheezes, and Weird Diseases

Question 17

describe basophils

Answer 17

increase with allergic reactions (hypersensitivities, inflammatory reactions)

Question 18

normal values of hemoglobin (Hgb)

Answer 18

Men : 13.5-17.5 g/dL

Women: 12-15.5 g/dL

Question 19

why can hemoglobin be low

Answer 19

bleeding, folate/B12 deficiencies, cancers, kidney & liver disease

Question 20

high hemoglobin b/c?

Answer 20

polycythemia, COPD, high altitude, heavy smoking

Question 21

What is hematocrit

Answer 21

percentage of blood that is made of packed red blood cells

Question 22

Interpret a hematocrit of 40%

Answer 22

indicates that there are 40mL of packed RBCs in 100 mL of blood

Question 23

normal values of hematocrit

Answer 23

Male: 41-50%
Female: 36-44%

Question 24

why may someone have low Hct

Answer 24

anemia, bleeding, bleeding disorders, FLUID IMBALANCES

Question 25

why may someone have high Hct

Answer 25

polycythemia, COPD, dehydration, shock, congenital heart disease

Question 26

what is a normal WBC total count

Answer 26

5,000-10,000/mm^3

Question 27

what is increased WBC called

Answer 27

leukocytosis

Question 28

what is decreased WBC called

Answer 28

leukopenia

Question 29

what does total WBC count tell us

Answer 29

degree of immune response to something that is going on in your body

Question 30

what is netropenia

Answer 30

low neutrophil count
< 1000/mm^3

this patient is very sick

Question 31

where are white blood cells made

Answer 31

bone marrow

Question 32

Filgrastim

Answer 32

G-CSF
MOA: promotes growth, differentiation, activation of cells that make granulocytes

for cancer, chemo induced leukopenia, bone marrow transplant

SE: bone pain, leukocytosis

IV, SQ

Question 33

Pegfilgrastim

Answer 33

MOA: increased production of neutrophils

SE: bone pain

Pegylated = delayed excretion by kidneys
1/2 life increase to 17 hours
long acting