Blood Cell Components: Interpreting a CBC Exam 3 Flashcards
what is the type of red blood cell
erythrocytes
how are erythrocytes shaped
like a doughnut with middle jelly like part
how are erythrocytes measured
in percentages called a hematocrit
what is the primary responsibility of red blood cells
TISSUE OXYGENATION
carries hemoglobin which carries oxygen to every tissue in our body and “feeds” the tissues cause tissues need oxygen
what are white blood cells also called
leukocytes
what is the primary role of white blood cells
to protect –> immune function
what are the 5 white blood cells
Neutrophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Eosinophils Basophils
what is the pneumonic to remember white blood cells
Never : Neutrophils Let : Lymphocytes Moneys : Monocytes Eat : Eosinophils Bananas : Basophils
what are granulocytes
white blood cells that have cells with nucleus and several lobes and granules
they release mediators with inflammatory and immunity properties
which white blood cells are granulocytes
neutrophils (50-67%)
eosinophils (0-3%)
basophils (0-2%)
what are agranulocytes
white blood cells with nucleus but little to none granules
do not release mediators
which white blood cells are agranulocytes
lymphocytes (24-40%)
monocytes/macrophages (4-9%)
Describe neutrophils
most prevalent; first to arrive at site of inflammation
bands (immature) and segs (mature)
increase with acute bacterial infections and trauma
-EX. if I get strep (bacterial); neutrophil count will go up
shift to the left (increase of bands)
-very acute/early stage of infection; more immature than mature
describe lymphocytes
T and B cells
primary cells of immune response
increase with chronic bacterial infection and acute viral infection
Agranulocytes
EX. MRSA = more lymphocytes
describe monocytes
potent phagocytosis cells
-phagocytosis - eat all the junk that other cells are clearing up
increase with bacterial infections & cancers
Agranulocytes
describe eosinophils
increase with allergic reactions or parasitic infections
THINK: Worms, Wheezes, and Weird Diseases
describe basophils
increase with allergic reactions (hypersensitivities, inflammatory reactions)
normal values of hemoglobin (Hgb)
Men : 13.5-17.5 g/dL
Women: 12-15.5 g/dL
why can hemoglobin be low
bleeding, folate/B12 deficiencies, cancers, kidney & liver disease
high hemoglobin b/c?
polycythemia, COPD, high altitude, heavy smoking
What is hematocrit
percentage of blood that is made of packed red blood cells
Interpret a hematocrit of 40%
indicates that there are 40mL of packed RBCs in 100 mL of blood
normal values of hematocrit
Male: 41-50%
Female: 36-44%
why may someone have low Hct
anemia, bleeding, bleeding disorders, FLUID IMBALANCES
why may someone have high Hct
polycythemia, COPD, dehydration, shock, congenital heart disease
what is a normal WBC total count
5,000-10,000/mm^3
what is increased WBC called
leukocytosis
what is decreased WBC called
leukopenia
what does total WBC count tell us
degree of immune response to something that is going on in your body
what is netropenia
low neutrophil count
< 1000/mm^3
this patient is very sick
where are white blood cells made
bone marrow
Filgrastim
G-CSF
MOA: promotes growth, differentiation, activation of cells that make granulocytes
for cancer, chemo induced leukopenia, bone marrow transplant
SE: bone pain, leukocytosis
IV, SQ
Pegfilgrastim
MOA: increased production of neutrophils
SE: bone pain
Pegylated = delayed excretion by kidneys
1/2 life increase to 17 hours
long acting
