Water's properties

Question 1

Waters ability to form hydrogen bonds is crucial for life because it enables-

Answer 1

The cohesion and adhesion of water molecules

Question 2

How does adhesion of water to polar surfaces benefit animals?

Answer 2

It helps keep respiratory surfaces moist, which is essential for effective gas exchange.

Question 3

Least soluble in water

Answer 3

nonpolar molecules

Question 4

Which chemical group can act as an acid?

Answer 4

Carboxyl

Question 5

Which is responsible for the cohesive property of water?

Answer 5

Hydrogen bonds

Question 6

What is capillary action?

Answer 6

the ascension of liquids through a tube.

Question 6

Why does water heat up less faster than the ground?

Answer 6

Water has a higher specific heat capacity than the ground

Question 7

Describe electronegativity.

Answer 7

An atom’s ability to attract & hold electrons.
The more electronegative, the more strongly the atom attracts shared electrons.

Question 8

Water is required for-

Answer 8

1.) growth and copying of natural molecules
2.) Formation of compartments, which allowed the development of internal chemistry different from the surrounding environment

Question 9

What feature makes water essential to living things?

Answer 9

Water is the medium for metabolic reactions.

Question 10

State which element of water exerts a stronger pull on electrons. Answer in one word only.

Answer 10

Oxygen, (Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, which means it attracts the shared electrons with more force.)

Question 11

In water, what causes the formation of hydrogen bonds?

Answer 11

Attraction between the partially negative oxygen of one water molecule and the partially positive hydrogen of a different water molecule.

Question 12

The type of bond found between atoms within a water molecule is _____________.

Answer 12

polar covalent, The hydrogen and oxygen atoms share a pair of valence electrons which makes the bond covalent. The electrons are shared unevenly, making the bond polar. This is known as a polar covalent bond.

Question 13

The spotted fishing spider (Dolomedes triton) lives in aquatic habitats and can run across the surface of water. Which property of water allows spiders to run across the surface of water?

Answer 13

Cohesive property (creates film layer at the top - surface tension)

Question 14

Which is most likely to be true of a hydrophobic molecule?

Answer 14

It will have no charge.

Question 15

Which is most likely to be caused by only capillary action?

Answer 15

The movement of water through pores in the soil.

Question 16

__________ is the complex process of chemical reactions occurring in living organisms.

Answer 16

Metabolism

Question 17

Identify the properties of hydrophilic molecules.

Answer 17

They are polar and can dissolve in water. (water-loving)

Question 18

Water has a ____ thermal conductivity compared with other liquids

Answer 18

high

Question 19

________ is resistance to flow and is related to how much energy is needed to change the shape of a liquid.

Answer 19

Viscosity, Water has a low viscosity compared to other liquids

Question 20

______ is a force that counteracts the force of gravity.

Answer 20

Buoyancy, The high density of liquid water creates high buoyancy,

Question 21

______________ is the ability of a substance to transfer heat when there is a temperature difference.

Answer 21

Thermal Conductivity, Water has a high thermal conductivity compared with other liquids

Question 22

______________ is how much energy is needed to raise the temperature of a substance.

Answer 22

Specific heat capacity, Water has a high specific heat capacity.

Question 23

State the force that counteracts gravity on a partially or fully submerged object.

Answer 23

Buoyancy

Question 24

Loons hold their wings out while flying but these are tucked close to their body while swimming – which answer explains these behaviours?

Answer 24

Holding wings out increases lift, while wings held in reduces drag.

Question 25

On a hot and sunny day, the surface temperature of a lake increases less than the surface temperature of the ground beside it – what characteristic of water explains this?

Answer 25

Water has a higher specific heat capacity than the ground.

Question 26

Water on earth most likely came from _______.

Answer 26

asteroids/comets

Question 27

What is the term for the orbital region around a star where conditions permit liquid water?

Answer 27

Goldilocks zone

Question 28

_________ is the force of attraction between water and the Earth that helps hold water on the Earth’s surface.

Answer 28

Gravity

Question 29

Which two forces are key in explaining why Earth has retained liquid water?

Answer 29

moderate temperature and gravity

Question 30

What feature of liquid water makes it the focus of the search for extraterrestrial life?

Answer 30

Water can dissolve the building blocks of life as well as the enzymes that catalyse the reactions that make up metabolism.

Question 31

The difference in electronegativity between hydrogen and oxygen leads to ___________ within water molecules and hydrogen bonds between them.

Answer 31

polar covalent bonds

Question 32

Water’s ________ property leads to surface tension.

Answer 32

cohesive

Question 33

Water can dissolve many substances including substrates, such as _____, and enzymes, such as _____, needed in metabolism. The solvent properties also allow organisms to make water-based solutions to transport dissolved substances.

Answer 33

sugar, amylase

Question 34

Compared with air, water is ________ and ________.

Answer 34

buoyant, viscous

Question 34

Water is _______ to polar and charged substances which are known as hydrophilic

Answer 34

adhesive

Question 35

Water has high ____________ and high specific __________ compared with air.

Answer 35

thermal conductivity, heat capacity

Question 36

The moderate temperature of the Earth keeps water _____ and gravity allows water to be _____.
The concept of the “_________”, is the orbital area around a sun where a planet or natural satellite might have liquid water.

Answer 36

liquid, retained, goldilocks zone