D1.3 Mutations and gene editing Flashcards
_________ is a technique in which a specific gene is intentionally made inoperative to study its function.
Gene knockout
Mutations are ___ and ____.
rare, random
Effects of the mutation depends on whether its in a _____ or a _____.
coding, non-coding region
Same-sense
silent mutation (doesn’t change the amino acid)
Nonsense
amino acid- early stop codon
-polypeptide shorter than it was supposed to be
Insertions and deletions cause _____.
frameshifts
Mutations are random and cause by ________ and _______.
errors in replication, mutagens
Mutagens can cause ______ ______ to DNA. Examples would be _________ and __________.
chemical changes, radiation (UV, xray) , chemical substances (tobacco, smoke, mustard gas)
Only mutations that are in _____ cells will be passed on to offspring.
gamete
Somatic Cell:
- not passed onto offspring
- Ex. oncogene mutations cause cancer
Germ cell: (gamete-producing cell)
can be passed to offspring (even if not beneficial)
- most are harmful
- important to minimize exposure
New alleles arise from ______. inc. in genetic variation.
mutations
What is a mutation and is it harmful?
Mutations are changes in the base sequence of DNA. Most of them are harmful or have no impact. Some are beneficial (adaptations).
Why are knockout organisms useful to scientists studying the function of specific genes?
To show how a specific gene may cause or contribute to disease in humans
What is the function of the tRNA-activating enzyme?
It links tRNA to a specific amino acid.
