B1.1 Flashcards
Hydrolysis
addition of a water molecule
cell recognition
They enable cells to recognize each other as familiar or foreign. recognize and bind to carbohydrate receptors (lectins) on adjacent cells, leading to cell-cell attachment as well as intracellular responses in the interacting cells.
How do carbohydrates and lipids compare as energy storage compounds?
carbohydrates are usually used for short term storage whereas lipids are used for long term storage. Carbohydrates are soluble in water unlike lipids. This makes carbohydrates easy to transport around the body (from and to the store).
In what ways do variations in form allow diversity of function in carbohydrates and lipids?
Variations in form within carbohydrates and lipids allow diversity of function by influencing their structures, leading to different molecular shapes and arrangements.
Chemical properties of a carbon atom allowing for the formation of diverse compounds upon which life is based
covalent bonds to as many as four different atoms, making this versatile element ideal to serve as the basic structural component, or “backbone,
Production of macromolecules by condensation reactions that link monomers to form a polymer
Dehydration Synthesis
Most macromolecules are made from single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other via covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers. In doing so, monomers release water molecules as byproducts
Digestion of polymers into monomers by hydrolysis reactions
one part gains a hydrogen atom (H+) and the other gains a hydroxyl molecule (OH–) from a split water molecule.
Form and function of monosaccharides
to produce and store energy
Polysaccharides as energy storage compounds
The two main polysaccharides involved in energy storage are starch and glycogen. Starch is found in plants and is made up of glucose molecules.
Structure of cellulose related to its function as a structural polysaccharide in plants
These glucose units are joined to each other by B-1,4 glycosidic linkage. Cellulose fibers are long, straight polymers made up of polysaccharide which is made of hundreds of glucose molecules. Strong rigid structure.
Role of glycoproteins in cell–cell recognition
enable cells to recognize another cell as familiar or foreign. help cells attach to and bind other cells, which is called cell adhesion.
Hydrophobic properties of lipids
amphipathic molecules: phospholipids. These have a polar head group and two hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails.
Formation of triglycerides and phospholipids by condensation reactions
Triglycerides are formed by the condensation of one molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid. A condensation reaction between glycerol and a fatty acid (RCOOH) forms an ester bond.
Difference between saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids
A saturated fat has zero double bonds in its carbon chain,
- monounsaturated fat (such as oleic acid found in olive oil) has one double-bond, and
- polyunsaturated fats have more than one double-bond.
Triglycerides in adipose tissues for energy storage and thermal insulation
excess energy is stored in the form of triglycerides. Besides its role in energy homeostasis, adipose tissue has a variety of functions such as heat production, insulation, mechanical protection of the organs.
