B2.2

Question 1

What is the advantage of the separation of the nucleus and the cytoplasm in regard to protein synthesis?

Answer 1

The genetic code for protein making is separated from external organelles.

Question 2

What is the advantage of compartmentalisation?

Answer 2

The advantage of compartmentalisation in cells is that the cell can separate chemical reactions and other cellular processes. This allows the cell to increase the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 3

true or false? Most organelles are membrane-bound and are found in eukaryotic organisms.

Answer 3

true

Question 4

Why are the cytoplasm and nucleus separated in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 4

to prevent protein synthesis before post-transcriptional modification of mRNA,

Question 5

Identify the main function of the thylakoid membranes in photosynthesis.

Answer 5

to increase surface area for photosynthesis in chloroplast

Question 6

Identify the role of the space surrounded by the inner membrane of the thylakoid in photosynthesis.

Answer 6

to contain all the enzymes and substrates required for photosynthesis

Question 7

What is the role of the cristae in the inner membrane in cell respiration?

Answer 7

to increase the surface area of the inner membrane

Question 8

Identify the purpose of the enclosed space called the ‘matrix’ in cellular respiration.

Answer 8

to contain high concentrations of enzymes for cell respiration

Question 9

Chloroplast Outer membrane corresponds to Mitochondrion _________

Answer 9

outer membrane

Question 10

Chloroplast granum corresponds to Mitochondrion _________

Answer 10

inner membrane

Question 11

Chloroplast ______ corresponds to Mitochondrion Intermembrane space

Answer 11

thylakoid

Question 12

Chloroplast thylakoid space corresponds to Mitochondrion ______.

Answer 12

Matrix

Question 13

Chloroplast Stroma corresponds to Mitochondrion ______.

Answer 13

Cristae.

Question 14

Identify the role of clathrin in vesicle formation.

Answer 14

It acts as a scaffold and brings together the machinery needed to shape and pinch off a piece of the membrane.

Question 15

Identify the function of the Golgi apparatus.

Answer 15

sorting of proteins

Question 16

Where are bound ribosomes located?

Answer 16

on the cytosolic side of the ER membrane

Question 17

The purpose of the ER signal sequence in mRNA is to direct ribosomes to the ER membrane.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

_________ contain a different set of enzymes from lysosomes and are involved in detoxification of harmful compounds and lipid metabolism.

Answer 18

Peroxisomes

Question 19

Organelles are _____ parts within a cell that perform specific functions.

Answer 19

specialised

Question 20

Compartmentalisation refers to the separation of different functions and processes in a cell into different _______ or structures by plasma membranes.

Answer 20

regions

Question 21

Only __________ cells have membrane-bound organelles.

Answer 21

eukaryotic

Question 22

The advantage of ________ is that it helps the cell to increase the speed of chemical reactions and keep specific processes in specific places.

Answer 22

compartmentalisation

Question 23

Lysosomes are an example of compartmentalised spaces that ______ down waste materials in the cell.

Answer 23

break

Question 24

The cytoskeleton and cell wall are not considered organelles because they are not surrounded by a _______ and do not have specific metabolic functions.

Answer 24

membrane

Question 25

_________, which make proteins, are considered organelles even though they are not membrane-bound.

Answer 25

ribosomes

Question 26

Eukaryotic cells have a ______ that is separated from the cytoplasm by a double membrane.

Answer 26

nucleus

Question 27

The compartmentalisation of the nucleus allows for post-transcriptional modification and communication between the ________ and nucleus.

Answer 27

cytoplasm

Question 28

Small compartments can increase the ________ of enzymes and other molecules which increase the rate of chemical reaction.

Answer 28

concentration

Question 29

The _____ contain an inner membrane with folds called cristae, which provide a large surface area for cell respiration.

Answer 29

mitochondria

Question 30

The _______ within the inner membrane holds high concentrations of enzymes and other molecules.

Answer 30

matrix

Question 31

The intermembrane space allows for a ____ concentration of H+ ions, used by ATP synthase to generate ATP.

Answer 31

high

Question 32

In photosynthesis, thylakoid membranes are stacked for ______ light absorption.

Answer 32

maximum

Question 33

Thylakoid membranes separate the _______.

Answer 33

stroma

Question 34

The double membrane surrounding the nucleus is called the _________.

Answer 34

nuclear membrane

Question 35

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has attached ribosomes and produces proteins for _____ outside the cell.

Answer 35

export

Question 36

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) lacks ribosomes and produces proteins for use ______ the cell. ______ are small membrane-bound structures that transport and store materials in the cell, including proteins, lipids, and RNA.

Answer 36

inside, vesicles

Question 37

_______ plays a key role in the formation of vesicles.

Answer 37

Clathrin

Question 38

What is the function of the photosystems I and II in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast?

Answer 38

-To produce glucose. -Photosystem I and II absorb sunlight. The energy from this sunlight is used to power the transfer of electrons from water to carbon dioxide. This electron transfer ultimately generates glucose.

Question 39

Where are carbohydrates made in the chloroplast?

Answer 39

In the stroma (cytoplasm - alike) - The Calvin cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts. Carbohydrates are formed from the condensation of triose phosphate molecules.

Question 40

The complete set of proteins that an organism can make is termed the organism's _______.

Answer 40

proteome (mRNA protein making name)

Question 41

What is the benefit of the double membrane of the nucleus in maintaining the stability of genetic information?

Answer 41

It prevents the loss of DNA to the cytoplasm

Question 42

Which of the following statements is correct about the structure of mitochondrial matrix?

Answer 42

The matrix contains enzymes vital for the link reaction and Krebs cycle. The matrix space contains a lot of enzymes and other molecules in high concentration needed for the Krebs cycle, a key pathway in cell respiration.