D2.1 Cell Cycle Flashcards
State the name of the substance that stimulates meristem cells to proliferate and differentiate into specialised cells.
Auxin
_____ undergo budding
yeast
Why do cell division occur?
I. To produce gametes for sexual reproduction.
II. To allow a population of cells to grow while reducing their surface area-to-volume ratio.
III. To replace cells that have been lost or damaged.
I and III only
Describe cytokinesis in animal cells:
- Cleavage Furrow
- Contractile rings made of actin and myosin
- Pinches apart
Describe cytokinesis in plant cells:
-vesicles form in the center to create new membranes
-Microtubule scaffold
-Each new cell builds a new cell wall
The formation of a contractile ring during cytokinesis in animal cells and Muscle contraction involve:
actin and myosin
New cells are needed for ____, ______, and _________.
Growth
Repair
Reproduction
New cells come from _____ cells. This allows for ______ of life.
existing, continuity
Cytokinesis
division of the cytoplasm of a cell to form 2 daughter cells
Cytokinesis in animal cells:
- Cleavage furrow
- Contractile rings
- pinches apart
Cytokinesis in plant cells:
- Vesicles form in the center to create new membranes
- Microtubule scaffold
- Each new cell builds a new cell wall
Cell Type (mitosis/meiosis)
mitosis-Somatic/body cells
meiosis-Reproductive gametes
Ploidy (n) (mitosis/meiosis)
Mitosis - (2n) (46 chromosomes in a cell after division is complete)
Meiosis - (n) (23 chromosomes after cell division is complete)
of divisions and # of daughter cells (Mitosis/Meiosis)
Mitosis
- 1 division
- 2 daughter cells produced
Meiosis
- 2 divisions
- 4 daughter cells produced
Genetic variation? (mitosis/meiosis)
Mitosis: No (Body cells are identical)
Meiosis: Yes (Reproductive cells are unique)
Usually, a parent cell divides into __ daughter cells. Unequal division is possible with a _____, _____, ______.
2, nucleus, mitochondrion, any organelle that cannot be synthesized by the cell
Unequal division occurs in budding in _____. Asexual reproduction when ________. Bud receives a nucleus/some cytoplasm. New cell wall to separate. Small bud grows.
yeast, nucleus replicates/divides
Oogenesis: ________
Oogenesis produces: ____________
egg production; 1 viable oocyte and 3 polar bodies
Cells need to replicate ______ before division to _____________________.
nucleus, prevent formation of anucleate cells
Anucleate cells ____ synthesize _____. This inability makes them have _______. An example is __________.
can’t, proteins, limited lifespan, red blood cells (live only few months/ regenerate frequently)
Continuity-Mitosis
-2 genetically _____ daughter cells
-2n
-All cells have an identical and ________ copy of the ________.
-In asexual reproduction, the full genome is passed _______________.
identical, diploid, complete, genome, to the offspring
Meiosis-Change
-Gametes (4 cells)
-_____ (n)
-genetically unique (variation)
-Random assortment of genes
-half of _______
haploid, chromosomes
Prerequisite for Mitosis/Meiosis
—> Prior to cell division, DNA is elongated
—> DNA replicates and condenses into chromosomes
View diagram: before replication, after replication, after anaphase