B1.1 Carbs Flashcards
Which is the simplest form of carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What is the primary storage form of carbohydrates in animals?
Glycogen
Which polysaccharide is the main structural component of plant cell walls?
Cellulose
What is the main carbohydrate found in milk?
Lactose
Type O red blood cells have ___ glycoproteins on their surface.
0
Which of the following is the primary function of triglycerides?
Energy storage
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?
Linoleic acid
Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?
Stearic acid
________ bonds are stable bonds that are essential in formation of polymers.
Covalent
Everytime a monomer is added to a growing polymer chain, _____ water molecule(s) is released.
1
Describe Hydrolysis:
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which water is added to break down a polymer by breaking the covalent bonds that are holding the monomers together.
The number of carbon–carbon bonds is __________ to the stability of the macromolecule.
proportional
the −OH group on carbon 1 of one glucose molecule attaches to the −OH group on carbon 4 of the other glucose molecule.
The resulting covalent bond that links glucose molecules together is called a 1,4-glycosidic bond.
________ plays an important role as a form of structural support in the plant cell wall.
Cellulose
Which feature(s) make possible transport of glucose in the blood plasma.
Glucose is polar. (Easily dissolves in water)
When glucose molecules join together, they can only form 1,4-glycosidic linkages.
True or false?
False, when glucose molecules join together, they will always form 1,4-glycosidic linkages but can also form 1,6-glycosidic linkages such as in amylopectin and glycogen.
Fatty acids join to a glycerol molecule through glycosidic bonds to form a triglyceride.
True or False?
False
______________ form between fatty acids and glycerol when a triglyceride is formed.
Ester bonds
_________________ form between monosaccharides when they join together to form a polysaccharide.
Glycosidic bonds
Triglycerides in adipose tissue are a form of energy storage and thermal insulation.
True or false?
True
Which of the following has the lowest melting point?
a partially saturated hydrocarbon with three double bonds
Phospholipids are called
____________ molecules as they consist of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
amphipathic
As steroids are non-polar, they have the ability to pass through the cell membrane.
True or false?
true
Phospholipid bilayer has _____ heads and ______ tails.
Hydrophilic, Hydrophobic
Steroids have ____ hexose rings and ___ pentose ring.
three, one
Steroids are important in regulating many physiological processes in the body.
True or false?
True
What classifies a steroid as a lipid?
It has a very low proportion of oxygen to carbon.
Monosaccharides can join together by a type of covalent bond called a ___________.
Glycosidic bond
Carbohydrates and lipids are both types of _________ , which are large molecules made up of smaller subunits.
Macromolecules
________ are composed of three fatty acids and a glycerol molecule.
Triglycerides
_________ are amphipathic molecules.
Phospholipids
Macromolecules can be formed through a process called __________, which involves the removal of water molecules to form a larger molecule.
condensation
__________ involves the addition of water molecules to break apart a larger molecule into its smaller subunits.
Hydrolysis
Animals store energy in the form of ________.
____________ is an important structural component of plant cell walls.
Glycogen, Cellulose
