Chemistry of Water Flashcards
Covalent Bonds
Sharing of electrons
Ionic Bonds
Gaining or losing electrons
Hydrogen Bond
Electrostatic attraction b/w a H atom and an electronegative atom.
Intramolecular polar covalent bonding
between H and O in H2O
Electronegativity
An atom’s ability to attract & hold electrons.
The more _______, the more strongly the atom attracts shared electrons.
electronegative
Water is ____ dense in solid than in liquid form
Less
Water covers _____ of the earth’s surface, creating habitats in which life has evolved. Water is _____ for all life.
71%, essential
hydrogen bonding (intermolecular attraction)
between two H20 molecules
Electronegativity
An atom’s ability to attract & hold electrons. The more electronegative, the more strongly the atom attracts shared electrons.
The water molecules are __________ ________.
covalently bonded
They ______ together because they are polar.
stick
The ________ molecules _______ together is called the hydrogen bond.
polar-covalent, sticking
The polarity of water causes it to be attracted to ____________.
other polar molecules.
Cohesion
Attraction to other water molecules. Responsible for surface tension.
Adhesion
attraction to other substances
Cohesion
water attraction to other water molecules
Water is a _______ solvent because of its ability to form ____________.
effective, hydrogen bonds
Hydrophobic-Nonpolar molecules _____ from contact with water.
shrink
Hydrophilic-Polar molecules readily form ____________ with water.
hydrogen bonds
Water’s role as a solvent helps cells ________ and use substances like __________________.
transport, oxygen or nutrients
The greater the difference in _________, the more polarized the ____________ and the larger the partial charges of the atoms.
electronegativity, electron distribution
_____________ form between neighboring hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules.
hydrogen bonds
water to water
cohesion
water with another object
adhesion
Water is a solvent: Water’s solvent properties allow it to ___________________________________________________________________________________.
dissolve and transport many biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Buoyancy -
is the upward force applied to an object in a medium and is determined by the density of the medium.
As water is more ______ than air, it applies a _________ force which allows objects to float in water
dense, greater upward
______ is the medium for life.
Water
Water molecules support _____ and ____ bonds
polar-covalent, hydrogen
Oxygen has partial __________
negative charge
Hydrogen has partial _________
positive charge
H20 has a _____ distribution of charges.
uneven
The ________ property of water impacts organisms.
cohesive
The water molecules are ______ bonded.
They “stick” together because they are ______.
The polar-covalent molecules “sticking” together is called the ________ bond.
covalently, polar, hydrogen
